Electron attachment to van der Waal molecules

Figure 3 The temperature dependence of the three-body rate constant of O2. (From Ref. 58.) The broken curve shows the temperature dependence of the rate constant calculated from Herzenberg s theory. The solid curve shows a calculated rate constant, which involves both the contributions from the broken curve and the rate constant due to electron attachment to van der Waals molecule (02)2-...

Noncovalent interactions such as van der Waals, hydrogen bonding, n-n stacking and electrostatic interactions have been widely used to hybridize pristine nanocarbons via ex situ approaches. The major advantage of this route is that the nanocarbons do not require modification prior to hybridization and their structure remains undisturbed, an important factor in many electronic applications. The strength of hybridization is weaker compared to covalent interactions but the synthetic process is generally simpler. Noncovalent attachment of small molecules to nanocarbons is often used to change the surface chemistry for subsequent ex situ or in situ hybridization. 

To provide a stable attachment of a sensitizer to a wide-bandgap oxide semiconductor and to allow for a fast electron injection from the excited state of a sensitizer molecule to the conduction band of the oxide, covalent links are preferable as opposed to simple coordination or van der Waals bonds [22]. On the other hand, very acidic sensitizer molecules favor corrosion of ZnO and thereby lead to inefficient charge transfer at the interface and to a low cell stabihty [94]. Carboxylic or... 

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