Electron-anion antiport

Electron-anion antiport has been realized, for instance with redox active carriers such as ferrocene derivatives [6.51a] or alkylviologens [6.44-6.46,6.51b] via ferricinium or reduced viologen species, respectively. The latter have been used extensively in light-driven systems and in studies on solar energy conversion [6.44-6.46],... 

The idea of using organotin compounds as ionophores was based on the fact that since, like carbon, tin forms covalent bonds via sp hybridization, and with the presence of empty d orbitals, it can coordinate with up to three extra electron-donating substituents, such as Lewis-basic anions. It was Selwyn, in 1970,9.10 ujal (ook advantage of this property and showed clearly the direct role of the trimethyltin, tri-n-propyltin, tri-n-butyltin, and triphenyltin chlorides on the active chloride transport mediated in mitochondrial membranes, as shown in Figure 3.4.5. It was also shown in this study that the mediation is based on chloride-hydroxide antiporter transport. This fact was verified many years later, as Simon showed, based on NMR and other studies, that indeed these compounds act as neutral carriers in liquid polymeric membranes. ... 

Figure 18 Representation of anion- 7r slides 43 and 44. (a) o-NDI rod and (b) anion/electron antiport facilitated by o-PDI rod.

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