Electromagnetic pumps characteristics

Fig. 23-4. AC electromagnetic pump characteristics. Molten bismuth in AISI t pe-347 stainless steel cell. (Manufactured by General Electric Co.)...

A highly desirable characteristic of electromagnetic pumps is their ease of control. Reducing the voltage applied to the alternating current type, or the current supplied to the direct current type, produces a reduction in the pressure developed in each. The corresponding change in flow is determined by the... 

The core components of soUd-state lasers are laser materials that allow for the inversion of population and amplification of radiation through stimulated emission. The properties of the laser materials determine the ways to design pumping system and laser resonator of a soUd-state laser. Because the characteristics of laser active centers are determined by the physical processes related to the laser materials, while there are various possible interactions between the active centers and the electromagnetic radiations, the interrelationship among the composition, stmcture, properties, and functionality of laser materials is very complicated, leading the research in this field to be unlimited. 

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