Electromagnetic propagation through

The electromagnetic field created by the transducer propagates through the examined material as a wave with the length... 

In a vacuum (empty space), all forms of electromagnetic radiation propagate at a velocity of 300,000 km per second, when propagating through air, water, or any kind of matter, they interact with the matter and their velocity is reduced. Differences in the manner of interaction between different forms of radiation and different types of matter generally reveal information on the nature and the constituents of matter. 

Fig. 4 Waveguide evanescent wave (EW) principle. Light is propagated through the waveguide (n ) and an electromagnetic field (called EW) is generated in the external medium (n2). The EW interacts with immobilized molecules that absorb energy, leading to attenuation in the reflected light of the waveguide...

Fig. 5.27 Geometry of two-dimensional FDTD models used for determining the propagation of a tranverse electromagnetic wave through (jO a self-standing titania nanotube array film (Type-I), (b) titania nanotube array film on Ti substrates (Type-II).

The rate at which electromagnetic energy is removed from the wave as it propagates through the medium is determined by the imaginary part of the complex refractive index. If the irradiances I0 and lt (or rather their ratio) are measured at two different positions z = 0 and z = h, then a, and hence k, can be obtained in principle from the relation... 

Propagation Delay of Lossless Lines. The minimum propagation delay (Tpd expressed in picoseconds per centimeter) for a unit length of lossless line is the inverse of the phase velocity (op) of the electromagnetic waves propagating through the dielectric medium surrounding the conductor line ... 

The propagation of electromagnetic waves through vacuum with fluctuations give rise to new effects published in a series of recent papers [26], This can be broadly classified in the following manner. 

A weak transverse electromagnetic wave, which propagates through a polar medium, disturbs the coordinates and the momenta of the particles, as well... 

THz spectroscopy was born from research efforts to produce and detect ultra-short electrical currents as they traveled down a transmission line.26 In 1988-1989, it was discovered that electromagnetic radiation pulses produced by time-varying current could be propagated through free space and picked up by a detector.27 By placing a sample between a THz source and detector, one could measure the differences in radiation pulses due to scattering or absorption by the sample to understand its chemical properties. 

If laser light of sufficient intensity is propagating through an optically nonlinear material, and the time dependence of the electric vector component of the electromagnetic field is given by E = E0 sin(cot), then from Eq. (8.35), the polarization is given by... 

H is the magnetic field vector and D is called the electric induction or displacement field. This equation is known as the Ampere Oersted law and shows that a magnetic field will exist near an electric current density J. The displacement field, D, is necessary to propagate electromagnetic energy through space, /has units charge area-1 t-1... 

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