Electroless plating atoms

Microscope (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The variation of the crystallinity was analyzed using X-Ray Diffraction Spectroscopy (XRD). The element concentration of the annealed electroless plated films was investigated using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX). 

The most widely applicable approach splits the fabrication of nanopatterned functional materials into two successive steps, namely the self-assembly driven formation of mesoporous templates and the replication of the templates with functional materials, as illustrated in Fig. 1.3. This strategy to nanostructured functional materials has the major advantage that it allows for the independent optimization of the template preparation. Since the same template can be used to structure various functional materials applying different replication techniques, such as sol-gel, atomic layer deposition (ALD), electrochemical deposition, and electroless plating, it is considered as an extremely versatile approach [14-17]. 

Known processes are related to those of electroless or electrolytic plating. They involve the simnltane-ous deposition of both metal and P atoms [46]. There is evidence that deposition of the latter occurs via the formation of phosphine, PH3, which then decomposes [23,47-49]. Various crystalline metal phosphides have been identified as well as amorphous phases, the extent of the latter depending on process conditions. 

Jin, G.-P., Y. Fu, X.-C. Bao, X.-S. Feng, Y. Wang, and W.-H. Liu. Electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization of iminodiacetic acid-functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylatejgrafted at carbon fibers for nano-nickel recovery from spent electroless nickel plating baths. J. Appl. Electrochem. 44, 2014 621-629. 

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