Electrogenerated chemiluminescence applications

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) has proved to be useful for analytical applications including organic analysis, ECL-based immunosensors, DNA probe assays, and enzymatic biosensors. In the last few years, the electrochemistry and ECL of compound semiconductor nanocrystallites have attracted much attention due to their potential applications in analytical chemistry (ECL sensors). 

Zou G, Ju H (2004) Electrogenerated chemiluminescence from a CdSe nanocrystal film and its sensing application in aqueous solution. Anal Chem 76 6871-6876... 

Flow cells may also act as reactors. In BL, enzymes may be immobilized inside the cell either by chemical bonding on the inner surface or by entrapping the enzyme as a heterogeneous system by mechanical ways. This approach has the advantage of low consumption of expensive reagents and enhancement of their stability, which is usually low. Many bioluminescent reactions have utilized the benefit of this process. The flow cell is also used as a reactor in the case of electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) when used with FI manifolds. Some of these applications are included in Table 4. 

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence has rapidly gained importance as a sensitive and selective detection method in analytical science. During last decade, several review articles describing primarily different analytical applications of ECL have... 

A slightly different application is where species produced electrochem-ically lead to photon emission in the visible spectrum, via the formation of organic radicals by homogeneous reaction from electrochemically generated precursors. The electrode controls the quantity of precursor, enabling quantitative parameters of the homogeneous reaction to be elucidated. This is known as electrogenerated chemiluminescence or electrochemiluminescence (ECL). 

Knight, A.W., and Greenway, G.M. (1994) Occurrence, mechanisms and analytical applications of electrogenerated chemiluminescence. A review. Analyst, 119, 879 890. 

Knight A. A review of recent trends in analytical applications of electrogenerated chemiluminescence. Trends Anal Chem 1999 18 47-62. 

G12. Greenway, G. M., Analytical applications of electrogenerated chemiluminescence. Trends Anal. Chem. 9, 200-203 (1990). 

Debad J, Glezer EN, Wohlstadter J, Sigal GB. Clinical and biological applications of ECL. In Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence, edited by Bard AJ, pp. 43-78. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY, 2004. 

Bard AJ, Faulkner LR (2001) Photoelectrochemislry and electrogenerated chemiluminescence. In Bard AJ, Faulkner LR (eds) Electrochemical methods fundamentals and applications, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York, pp 736—745... 

Fahnrich KA, PravdaM, Guilbault GG (2001) Recent applications of electrogenerated chemiluminescence in chemical analysis. Talanta 54 531... 

Some work has been done with fiber-optic-based chemiluminescence sensors. Luminol has been used with various enzymes immobilized on the end of an optical fiber. Sensors based on electrogenerated chemiluminescence with luminol or tris(2,2 -bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) have appeared the latter is particularly attractive due the regenerable nature of the reagent. Importantly, for these applications of liquid-phase chemiluminescence, the reactions are occurring at a reactive surface rather than in a homogeneous solution and as such mass transfer probably controls the overall response. 

Knight AW, Greenway GM (1995) Indirect, ion-annihilation electrogenerated chemiluminescence and its application to the determination of aromatic tertiary-amines. Analyst 120(4) 1077-1082. doi 10.1039/an9952001077... 

Nanoparticles were first of all studied in 2002 in the field of electrogenerated chemiluminescence. ECL from semiconductor Si NPs was produced in MeCN solutions via annihilation and coreactant pathway [91]. Semiconductor nanocrystals, also known as quantum dots (QDs), have also been widely studied. Few years back, ECL from CdSe [92], CdS [93], CdTe [53], and ZnS [94], PbS and ZnSe QDs [95, 96] was observed which displayed applications in the field of biosensors. 

Lin JM, Yamada M (1998) Electrogenerated chemiluminescence of methyl-9-(p-formylphenyl) acridinium carboxylate fluorosulfonate and its applications to immunoassay. Microchem J 58(1) 105-116. doi 10.1006/mchj.1997.1539... 

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