Electrodes medical potentiometric

Electrochemical ion-selective sensors (ISSs), including potentiometric ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) and potentiometric or amperometric gas-selective sensors (GSSs), attracted the interest of clinical chemistry because they offer fast, reliable, inexpensive analytical results in service-free automated analyzers. In this way, the electrochemical sensors satisfy the present demands of central hospital laboratories and peripheral point-of-care medical service points, such as bedside, emergency or first-contact healthcare centers. 

Especially for medical applications it is often necessary to use miniaturized equipment. Due to this fact the engineers are faced with the task to develop new potentiometric electrodes by microtechnological methods, e.g., thin or thick film technology. This creates the opportunities to come to a number of miniaturized multisensors as part of lab on chip systems increasingly required in biotechnology and other areas. 

Shankenberg et al. [46] in their work on the novel potentiometric sensor for medical devices developed a novel evaporation process for the deposition of an Ag I AgCl I Ag layer combination serving as a thin-film reference electrode. 

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