Electroconductive Film conductivity

Doblhofer K and Zhong C 1991 The mechanism of electrochemical charge-transfer reactions on conducting polymer films Synth. Met. 41-43 2865-70 Fare T L et al 1994 A commercial immunosensor system incorporating electroconductive polymers Proc. Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Polym. Mater. Science and Engineering vol 71 (Washington, DC American Chemical Society) pp 649-50... 

The electrical characteristics of these films can be improved by the incorporation of electroconductive materials such as carbon powder or metal particles into the mixture (Fig. 14b). The electrodes prepared with these additions benefit from the porosity and rigidity of the silica matrix and from the electrical conductivity of the additive [77]. 

An oxidative polymerization of aniline in the presence of poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-l-propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPSA) as a template was described in Reference 124. The process was carried out in water, and ammonium persulfate was used as initiator. The synthesis was performed at room temperature. In similar conditions, but with benzenesulfonic add instead of AMPSA, polymerization of aniline does not occur. According to the authors, the localization and protoni-zation of aniline takes place along the chain of AMPSA. Adding sodium chloride to the reaction solution, considerably decreased in both the process rate and the polyaniline yields. What was interesting was that the system remained phase-homogeneous on all stages of conversions. Kinetics examination lead to the condusion that the process is of a pronounced autocatalytic character. Electroconductivity of the film formed from polyaniline-PAMPSA complex has rather low conductivity of about 10 S cm . ... 

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