Electrochemical oxygen transfer reactions

Mechanism of the electrochemical oxygen transfer reaction (EOTR)... 

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A widespread interest for the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has two aspects. The reaction attracts considerable attention from fundamental point of view, as well as it is the most important reaction for application in electrochemical energy conversion devices. It has been in the focus of theoretical considerations as four-electron reaction, very sensitive to the electrode surface structural and electronic properties. It may include a number of elementary reactions, involving electron transfer steps and chemical steps that can form various parallel-consecutive pathways [1-3]. 

As with the phase diagrams and Pourbaix diagrams, the theoretical standard hydrogen electrode also allows us to calculate the relative energies of intermediates in electrochemical reactions. As an example, we investigate the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). We look at the four proton and electron transfer elementary steps ... 

Thus, were the xanthate ion itself to adsorb and retain its charge, lateral repulsion would make it impossible for the surface coverage on the mineral to be a high one, and the desired hydrophobicity of the surface would not be achieved. In the electrochemical mechanism described by Salami and Nixon, the adsorption can become a charge-transfer reaction, continuing by the participation of oxygen until the surface is fully covered with dixanthate (and hence wettable). The mechanism is thus an electrochemical oxidation. 

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode of an electrochemical cell involves the transfer of four electrons from the cathode to an O2 molecule followed by removal of the reduced product from the interface. Reduction of an O2 molecule to water or to hydroxyl anions at an electrode/aqueous electrolyte interface is to be distinguished from reduction of O2 to 202- at the surface of an oxide or at an electrode/solid electrolyte interface in solid-state electrochemistry. In the latter case, the ORR is generally different at the surface of a noble metal like Pt from that at the surface of a metallic oxide. 

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