Electrochemical nanotechnology formation

Refs. [i] Staikov G, MilchevA (2007) The impact of electrocrystallization on nanotechnology. In Staikov G (ed) Electrocrystallization in nanotechnology. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim [ii] Budevski E, Staikov G, Lorenz WJ (1996) Electrochemical phase formation an introduction to the initial stages of metal deposition. VCH, Weinheim [Hi] Milchev A (2002) Electrocrystallization fundamentals ofnucleation and growth. Kluwer, Boston... 

Investigations of UPD and OPD of metals leading to 2D and 3D Me phase formation are of great interest for electrochemical nanotechnology. Application of in-situ local probe techniques in this field gives new analytical information on an atomic level and offers possibilities for a defined nanostructuring of solid-state surfaces. 

Electrochemical phase formation, phase transition and dissolution processes play an imponant role in the preparative aspect of electrochemical nanotechnology. Under electrochemical conditions, super- or undersaturation can be exactly controlled and rapidly changed via the electrode potential, providing a further great advantage of the application of local probe techniques under electrochemical conditions. 

The electrochemical manufacture of small objects ranks high in the design of new materials and systems with special properties. However, although the mechanism of formation or removal of small individual portions of solids plays a decisive role in the field of electrochemical nanotechnology, the use of electrochemistry as a tool for the preparation of nanostructures for electrode and electronic applications lies outside the scope of this chapter. In other words, the absence of this and other related topics clearly indicates, from the start, that no attempt will be made to cover the field comprehensively here. 

Chemical sensors utilize the immunological recognition principle by coupling with optical, electrochemical, or other transducer (signal transfer) described e.g. by Eggins (1996) and Rogers et al. (1998). A tendency to miniaturized formats ( chips ) as part of the nanotechnology can be observed. 

Sirivisoot S, Webster TJ. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes enhance electrochemical properties of titanium to determine in situ bone formation. Nanotechnology 2008 19(29) 295101. 

Mattel G, Valentini V (2003) In-situ functionalization of porous silicon during the electrochemical formation process in ethanoic hydrofluoric acid solution. J Am Chem Soc 125 9608-9609 Nakamura T, Yuan Z, Adachi S (2014) High yield preparation of blue emitting colloidal Si nanocrystals by selective laser ablation of porous silicon in liquid. Nanotechnology 25(27) 275602... 

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