Electrochemical cells schematic representation

Shorthand Notation for Electrochemical Cells Although Figure 11.5 provides a useful picture of an electrochemical cell, it does not provide a convenient representation. A more useful representation is a shorthand, or schematic, notation that uses symbols to indicate the different phases present in the electrochemical cell, as well as the composition of each phase. A vertical slash ( ) indicates a phase boundary where a potential develops, and a comma (,) separates species in the same phase, or two phases where no potential develops. Shorthand cell notations begin with the anode and continue to the cathode. The electrochemical cell in Figure 11.5, for example, is described in shorthand notation as... 

Figure 7.9. Schematic representation of the density of states N(E) in the conduction band of two transition metal electrodes (W and R) and of the definitions of work function O, chemical potential of electrons p, electrochemical potential of electrons or Fermi level p, surface potential x, Galvani (or inner) potential (p and Volta (or outer) potential for the catalyst (W) and for the reference electrode (R). The measured potential difference UWr is by definition the difference in p q>, p and p are spatially uniform O and can vary locally on the metal surfaces 21 the T terms are equal, see Fig. 5.18, for the case of fast spillover, in which case they also vanish for an overall neutral cell Reprinted with permission from The Electrochemical Society.

Figure 7.14. Schematic representation of the spatial variation of electrode potential, chemical potential of oxygen and electrochemical potential of O2 for the cell 02, M1YSZ1M, 02 (=1 atm).

Figure 15.2 Schematic representation of different electrochemical cell types used in studies of electrocatalytic reactions (a) proton exchange membrane single cell, comprising a membrane electrode assembly (b) electrochemical cell with a gas diffusion electrode (c) electrochemical cell with a thin-layer working electrode (d) electrochemical cell with a model nonporous electrode. CE, counter-electrode RE, reference electrode WE, working electrode.

Fig. 8. Schematic representation of a vertical media fabricated by electrodeposition of a ferromagnetic metal into the pores of alumina cells formed by anodization of an Al disk [107]. (Reprinted by permission of The Electrochemical Society).

Figure 2.15 Schematic representation of the equipment necessary to perform linear sweep voltammetry LSV) or cyclic voltammetry CV). WFG waveform generator, P potentiostat, CR chart recorder, EC electrochemical cell, WE working electrode, CE counter electrode, RE...

Figure 2.25 Schematic representation of the STM head and electrochemical assembly. (I) Inchworm motor, (2) Inch worm, (3) Faraday cage around tube scanner, (4) Teflon electrochemical cell, (5) working electrode (i.e. sample), (6) stainless steel plates, (7) halved rubber O rings, (8) elasticated ropes attatched to baseplate. The counter and reference electrodes and the various electrical connections arc not shown for clarity. From Christensen (1992).

Figure 2,33 Schematic representation of an AFM electrochemical cell and its mode of operation. (I) photodiode, (2) electrolyte solution inlet/outlet, (3) spring clip, (4) cantilever holder, (5) glass cell body, (6) O ring, (7) sample, (8) r, v, z translator, (9) mirror and (10) tip. After Manne et at.

Figure 2.39 (a) Schematic representation of the experimental arrangement for attenuated total reflection of infrared radiation in an electrochemical cell, (b) Schematic representation of the ATR cell design commonly employed in in situ 1R ATR experiments. SS = stainless steel cell body, usually coated with teflon P — Ge or Si prism WE = working electrode, evaporated or sputtered onto prism CE = platinum counter electrode RE = reference electrode T = teflon or viton O ring seals E = electrolyte. 

A schematic representation of the lower half of an EQCM cell is shown in Figure 2.109. The crystal is clipped or glued to the bottom of the electrochemical cell. Within the cell are the reference and counter electrodes, and a purging device to allow N2-saturation of the electrolyte. 

Figure 2.115 shows a schematic representation of the DEMS apparatus. In essence, the electrochemical cell is separated from a mass spectrometer by a porous, non-wetting PTFE membrane of very small pore size. The working electrode is then deposited as a porous metal layer on the thin... 

Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert the chemical energy of a reaction directly into electrical energy. The basic physical structure or building block of a fuel cell consists of an electrolyte layer in contact with a porous anode and cathode on either side. A schematic representation of a fuel cell with the reactant/product gases and the ion conduction flow directions through the cell is shown in Figure 1-1. 

Figure 3.1 Schematic representation of a non-sophisticated cell for equilibrium electrochemical measurements. The example shown is a Daniell cell comprising Cu +,Cu and Zn, Zn half cells. The need for the glass sleeves is discussed in Chapter 9.

Figure 13. Schematic representation of the setup used for the infrared characterization of liquid-solid interfaces [63], The main cell consists of a platinum disk used for adsorption and reaction, a Cap2 prism for guidance of the infrared beam, and a liquid solution trapped between those two elements. The overall arrangement includes gas and liquid sample introduction stages as well as the electronics used for the electrochemical oxidation-reduction cycles needed to preclean the platinum surface.

Figure 4.2 — (A) Schematic diagram of an ammonia-N-sensitive probe based on an Ir-MOS capacitor. (Reproduced from [20] with permission of the American Chemical Society). (B) Pneumato-amperometric flow-through cell (a) upper Plexiglas part (b) metallized Gore-Tec membrane (c) auxiliary Gore-Tec membrane (d) polyethylene spacer (e) bottom Plexiglas part (/) carrier stream inlet (g) carrier stream outlet. (C) Schematic representation of the pneumato-amperometric process. The volatile species Y in the carrier stream diffuses through the membrane pores to the porous electrode surface in the electrochemical cell and is oxidized or reduced. (Reproduced from [21] with permission of the American Chemical Society).

Fig. 22. Schematic representation of the electrochemical cell connected to a perturbation circuit and a detection circuit for second-order responses. In this case, it is supposed that the perturbation signal has a high frequency and the response signal a low frequency.

Figure 5.1 Schematic representation of an electrochemical cell (a) three electrodes (b) equivalent circuit for three-electrode cell (c) equivalent circuit for the working-electrode interphase (d) a solution impedance in series with two parallel surface impedances.

Figure 18.13 Vacuum electrochemical cell with an integrated drying tube (o) and water-cooled jackets (fl, fZ) from (A) a front view and (B) a top view. Schematic representation of the drying operation is shown in A, B and C. The cell is filled with aluminum oxide and electrolyte solution in A. The solution is transferred into the cell by a 90° rotation in B. After back-rotation, the solution flows into the electrode compartment, passing through the cooled alumina drying tube in C. [From Ref. 2, with permission.]...

Figure 5. Schematic representation of the principle of the nanocrystalline injection photovoltaic cell showing the electron energy level in the different phases. The cell voltage AK obtained under illumination corresponds to the difference in the Fermi level of the semiconductor and the electrochemical potential of the redox couple (M+/M) used to mediate charge transfer between the electrodes.

Fig. 1 Schematic representation of e2q)erimental arrangement for tribocorrosion experiments with alumina sphere, load cells and electrochemical cells...

Figure 13. Representation of the potential variations in the electrochemical cell and associated electronic schemes (a-d). ( = cat + Ri + an see text). W, working electrode Ref, reference electrode A, auxiliary electrode, (e) Schematic description of the electrochemical cell with a potentiostat.

Figure 1. Schematic representation of the electrochemical cell. First insert concentration profile of the reactant in the stagnant layer in the vicinity of the electrode. Second insert mass transfer black box at the boundary between the stagnant layer and the bulk solution (x = (5).

Figure 6.1 Schematic representation of the ESI source as electrochemical cell.

Figure 21.1 A schematic representation of the propagation of time-domain errors through an electrochemical cell and impedance instrumentation to the frequency domain.

Figure 21.2 A schematic representation of an electrochemical cell under potentiostatic regulation, with sources of potential noise indicated as shaded circles and sources of current noise indicated as shaded double circles (see Gabrielli et al. ).

Fig. 8. Schematic representation of the experimental arrangement for attenuated total reflection of infrared radiation in an electrochemical cell.

Figure 5.21. Schematic representation of a thin-layer electrochemical cell (A) and a wall-jet electrochemical cell (B). AUX = auxiliary electrode, REF = reference electrode and WE = working electrode.

Figure 1. Schematic representation of a single-pellet cell for electrochemical promotion studies. The abbreviation tpb means three-phase boundaries where electrode, electrolyte and gas phase meet.

---