Noncatalytic surfaces electrochemical activation

In this chapter we discuss the electrochemical model of electroless deposition (Sections 8.2 and 8.3), kinetics and mechanism of partial reactions (Sections 8.4 and 8.5), activation of noncatalytic surfaces (Section 8.6), kinetics of electroless deposition (Section 8.7), the mechanism of electroless crystallization (Section 8.8), and unique properties of some deposits (Section 8.9). 

Noncatalytic surfaces (e.g., nonconductors, noncatalytic metals, noncatalytic semiconductors) have to be activated (i.e., made catalytic) prior to electroless deposition. This activation is performed by generating catalytic nuclei on the surface of a noncatalytic material. Two major types of processes have been used to produce catalytic nuclei electrochemical and photochemical. 

Electrochemical Activation. In the electrochemical method, catalytic nuclei of metal M on a noncatalytic surface S may be generated in an electrochemical oxidation-reduction reaction,... 

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