Electro-optic effects phase modulators

Kikuchi and coworkers found the rapid electro-optical effect in polymer-stabilized blue phases and presented the major potential of such phases in application to display devices and optical modulation devices [45,46]. Tra-... 

Electro-optic effects describe a change in optical properties arising from an applied electric field. This can include changes in colour or optical absorption, characteristic of electrochromic materials (Section 9.6), or a change in refractive index. In perovskites, it is this latter effect that is important. These crystals have been used in electro-optic devices to modulate the phase, the amplitude or the polarisation of a light beam traversing the medium and so function as shutters and other components in optical/electronic circuits. 

Figure 3 presents the frequency dependence of the electro-optical effects for suspensions of different volume fractions of spherical particles. The stock solution (8% sphere volume fraction) is highly deionized, and dilution is carried out with deionized water. Thus the highly dilute samples are in the liquid-phase state. Modulated responses are detected at low frequencies —- for highly dilute samples... 

Lipscomb, G. F., Garito, A. F., and Narang, R. S., An exceptionally large linear electro-optic effect in the organic solid MNA, J. Chem. Phys., 75, 1509 (1981). Sigelle, M, and Hierle, R., Determination of the electrooptic coefficients of 3-methyl 4-nitropyridine 1-oxide by an interferometric phase-modulation technique, J. Appl. Phys., 52, 4199 (1981). 

In a motor-driven self-nuUing ellipsometer, the dc feedback currents are used to drive servomotors instead of being passed through the Faraday cell. As an alternative to the polarizer modulation described above, crystals with electro-optic effect (e.g., Pockels effect) can be used to modulate the relative phase retardation by an electric ac field. Independent modulations of polarizer... 

A phase modulator can adjust or change the phase of the light leaving the device. The phase change induced by the electro-optic effect can be represented by ... 

---