Electro-catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction

Pt alloys with some transition metals (Co, Ni, Fe, Mn, and Cr), regardless of the ratio between the noble metal and the base metal, displayed better activity toward ORR than the baseline Pt/C 

Structural characteristics of the nano-particles such as morphology, shape, particle size, chemical state, t)q)e of crystal phases, degree of allo)dng, or distribution of surface metals, depend widely 

The current state-of-the-art carbon supported electro-catalyst is made using variants of the colloidal approach. A common approach is to dissolve the metal salt solution in an appropriate solvent followed by reduction, to form a colloidal. A wide variety of recipes using reducing agents, organic stabilizers, or shell-removing approaches have also been developed in recent years. Among colloidal processes, the alcohol reduction process by Toshima and Yonezawa (1998) is widely applicable for the preparation of colloidal precious metals of small and uniform 

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