Electricity power generation boiler water treatment

Power Production. Steam cycles for generation of electric power use various types of boilers, steam generators, and nuclear reactors operate at subcritical or supercritical pressures and use makeup and often also condensate water purification systems as well as chemical additives for feedwater and boiler-water treatment. These cycles are designed to maximize cycle efficiency and reliability. The fuel distribution of sources installed in the United States from 1990—1995 are as follow coal, 45% combined cycle, 27% miscellaneous, 14% nuclear, 11% solar, oil, and geothermal, 1% each and natural gas, 0.3%. The 1995 summer peak generation in the United States was 620 GW (26). The combined cycle plants are predominantly fired by natural gas. The miscellaneous sources include bagasse, black liquor from paper mills, landfill gas, and refuse (see Fuels frombiomass Fuels fromwaste). 

A number of authorities have issued standards for boiler and feed-water. These include boiler manufacturers, water treatment firms and the British Standards Institution, as well as other interested bodies. The authorities noted here to illustrate the scope for similarities and differences in this field are as follows Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB) Electric Power Research Institute (EPRl), as discussed by Smock, British Standards Institution (BSI) Treatment of Water for Land Boilers (BS 2486 1978), American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), as discussed by Simon and Fynsk and the (VGB) Guidelines as noted by Smock and by Bolton and Ray All of these authorities emphasise that their standards are essentially guidelines and advise that in any given case the views of the boiler manufacturer should be sought and local circumstances taken into account. 

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