Electrical power electrostatic precipitation

Electric Power Research Institute. (1987). Electrostatic Precipitator Guidelines. Volume 1 Design Specifications Volume 2 Operations and Maintenance Volume 3 Troubleshooting. EPRI Journal CS-5PJ8. Final Report (June). 

Ensor, D.S. Cowen, S. Hooper, R. Markowski, G., Evaluation of the George Neal No. 6 Electrostatic Precipitator, Electric Power Research Institute Report No. EPRI FP-1145, 1979. 

A preliminary-level economic evaluation (13) performed by EPRI (Electric Power Research Institute) and TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority) indicates that a combination of electrostatic precipitators (or bag house), ammonia-based SCR system, and wet lime/limestone FGD scrubber range between 20% to 185% cheaper than wet process for complete control of particulates, N0X and S02 The lower percentage is for the second type and higher percentage for the first type of process. Therefore, the second type of process appears to be more promising and will be the subject of further discussion in this paper. 

Mark III In-Stack Impactor and Observed Particle Sizes in a Sample Collected Downstream from the Electrostatic Precipitator of a 750-MW Coal-Fired Electrical Power Unit (15). 

Option 1 is a conventional stoker incineration system with heat recovery. Electric power will be generated with the steam from the waste heat boiler. To meet the air pollution standards, exhaust gas has to be cleaned by an electrostatic precipitator and... 

Electrostatic precipitation is also very efficient for retention of very fine particles, as long as these are not highly electrically conductive. The structural features of these units dictate that they are only cost effective for particulate and aerosol emission control for low pressure drop clean-up of very large volumes of gas hence their extensive use for the treatment of combustion gases of fossil-fueled power stations. Next generation developments have been reviewed [27]. 

Parker, K.R. High frequency energisation systems (Chapter 8). In Electrical Operation of Electrostatic Precipitators Parker, K.R., Ed. lEE (UK) Power and Energy Series 41 U.K., 2003 ISBN 0-85296-137-5. 

Parker, K.R. Plaks, N. Electrostatic Precipitator Training Manual. US Environmental Protection Agency Report No. EPA-600/R-04/072, July 2004. Parker, K.R. Plaks, N. Zykov, A.M. Kolchin, K.I. Konovalov, V.K. ESP performance enhancement analysis by advanced modelling techniques. Proceedings Electric Power 2004 Conference, Baltimore, U.S.A., April 2004. 

Electrostatic precipitation is a widely nsed process for removing polluting particles from gas streams, for example, in power station fines or in cement kilns. The effluent dust grains become charged as the gas flows between two electrodes, then deposit in a cake on the electrode snrface. This cake sticks to the electrode with a force that rises with the electric field bnt not simply proportional to the square of field strength as expected from the basic electrostatic equation for the cohesive stress a in a dielectric ... 

Devices used to reduce the number of particulates emitted include settling chambers, baghouses, cyclones, wet scrubbers, and electrostatic precipitators. Electrostatic precipitators impart the particles with an electric charge to aid in their removal. They are often used in power plants, at least in part because of the readily available electric power to rim them. Water-soluble gaseous pollutants can be removed by wet scrubbers. Other options for gaseous pollutants are adsorption on activated carbon or incineration of combustible pollutants. Because sulfur is contained in the coal used as fuel, coal-fired power plants produce sulfur oxides, particularly troublesome pollutants. The main options for reducing... 

In 1996, only 159 large electric power plants in the US were equipped with wet FGD systems [56]. By 2020, more than half of the US coal-fiied generating capacity is projected to be equipped with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and FGD technology [38]. These technologies can often help in reducing mercury emission as co-benefit without extra cost. In particular, FGD units can capture important proportions of mercury present either in the gas phase or condensed on small particles escaping the electrostatic precipitators [57]. Accordingly, this section will be focused on the behaviour and capture of mercury in wet FGD systems. 

Ammonia is used in scrubbers to neutralize sulfur oxides in their removal from stack gases in electric power generation and other furnace operations such as smelting. It is also used to improve the efficiency of electrostatic precipitators in the removal of particulate matter. 

Krigmont, H. D., and Coe, E. L., 1990, Experience with Dual Flue Gas Conditioning of Electrostatic Precipitators, Proceedings Eighth Particulate Control Symposium, EPRI GS-7059, Vol. 1, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, November, pp. 

---