Electrical conductivity doping significantly enhance

Electrodes based on doped SnO2 have received attention in the last years. In its pure form, SnO2 is an n-type semiconductor with relatively high electrical conductivity due to a level of nonstoichiometric impurities. This electrical conductivity can be enhanced upon addition of small amounts of dopants such as Sb, F, Cl, and Br. Good performances have been reported by codoped materials for instance, Gd-Sb-doped SnO2 deposited over Ti plates (Feng et al., 2008) exhibits a significant performance for the electrocatalytic decomposition of phenol. 

Advances in nano-material research have opened the door for transparent conductive materials, each with unique properties. These include CNTs, graphene, metal nanowires, and printable metal grids. Transparent electrodes are necessary components in many modem devices such as touch screens, LCDs, OLEDs, and solar cells, all of which are growing in demand. Traditionally, this role has been well served by doped metal oxides, such as indium tin oxide. A review exploring these innovations in transparent conductors and the emerging trends is presented recently (Hecht et al. 2011). Electrical conductivity in PS nanocomposites with ultralow graphene level was found to enhance significantly (Qi et al. 2011). 

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