Electric Meters and Peak Shedding

In the renewable energy processes, electric meters are required to determine the rate of power generation, the flow of electricity to and from the grid, and the efficiencies of solar collectors, wind turbines, electrolyzers, and fuel cells. Peak shedding is used to increase the cost-effectiveness of the total operation. 

Post-Oil Energy Technology After the Age of Fossil Fuels 

Alternating current indicators are almost exclusively of the moving iron vane type because of their wide range and low sensitivity to frequency variations (less than the electrodynamic type). For current measurement above the range of moving iron vane and digital meters, a current transformer is the simplest and cheapest solution. When inserted in the circuit, it provides the proper ratio between the meter range and the measured current. 

Two-element wattmeter wired for three-phase, three-wire loads. 

Digital wattmeters are available for both AC and DC applications for both single and multiphase measurements. Without using external components, the ranges can extend from a few milliwatts to tens of thousands of watts. Direct current wattmeters are the same as single-element AC wattmeters, but it is advisable to calibrate them for use on DC circuits. 

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