Elastic recoil detection spectrometry FRES

Barbou J. C. and Doyle B. L. (1995) Elastic recoil detection ERD (or forward recoil spectrometry FRES). In Handbook of Modern Ion Beam Analysis (ed. J. R. Tesmer). Materials Res. Soc. Warren Hale, PA, pp. 83-138. 

Elastic Recoil Detection (ERD) also referred to as Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA), Elastic Recoil Scattering (ERS), Eorward Recoil Scattering (FRS), Forward Recoil Spectrometry (FReS), and Hydrogen Forward Scattering (HFS)... 

Forward recoil spectrometry (FRES, FReS or FRS), which is also referred to as elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA or ERD), is a member of a family of techniques collectively termed ion beam analysis (IBA). FRES is a powerful, standard-free absolute method for the measurement of atomic composition and impurity concentrations in the near-surface region of solids, and is considered a fully non-invasive technique. However, in the case of polymeric materials this assumption is not entirely true, since the projectile ions cause a breaking of covalent bonds (vide infra). The method is based on scattering of an incident accelerated-ion beam by the sample, due to nuclear and electrostatic interactions. The collision of the ions with the specimen results - in addition to scattered incident ions - in the ejection of photons, ions, or nuclear decay products, as shown schematically in Figure 23.28 [110]. 

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