El Nino/Southem Oscillation

Ropelewski, C. F. and Halpert, M. S. (1987). Global and regional scale precipitation patterns associated with the El Nino/Southem Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev. 115,1606-1626. 

Butler, J. H., Elkins, J. W., Brunson, C. M., Egan, K. B., Thompson, T. M., Conway, T. J., and Hall, B. D. (1988). Trace gases in and over the west Pacific and east Indian Oceans during the El Nino-southem oscillation event of 1987, Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Spring, MD. 

Interannual variability in terrestrial photosynthesis is clearly evident in the 20-year satellite NDVI time series. Much of the variability can be related to the El-Nino/Southem Oscillation and other aspects of climate variability. For example, there is a dramatic suppression of photosynthesis following dramatic cooling after the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. At this writing, it appears that the NDVI data also suggest an increasing trend in NPP at middle to high latitudes (Myneni et al., 1999). Temporal variations in decomposition rates cannot be observed directly on the global scale, and have been inferred from variations in temperature and precipitation. 

Vertically propagating Kelvin and mixed Rossby-gravity modes have been identified in the stratosphere the evidence in the troposphere is less clear. Internal oceanic Kelvin waves are considered by many oceanographers to be the piimaiy mechanism for the eastward transport of heat along the equator associated with the significant in-terarmual phenomenon known as the El Nino/Southem oscillation (ENSO), which affects weather and chmate globally. 

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