Effluents diffusive

Johnson, W. B. et al., 1975, Gas Tracer Study of Roof-Vent Effluent Diffusion at Millstone Nuclear Power Station, Atomic Industrial Forum AIF/NESP 0076. 

Cipollina, A., Bonfiglio, A., Micale, G., Brucato, A. Dense jet modelling applied to the design of dense effluent diffusers. Desalination 167, 459—468 (2004)... 

P. Mikuska, K. Motyka, Z. Vecera, Determination of nitrous acid in air using wet effluent diffusion denuder-FIA technique, Talanta 77 (2008) 635 41. 

Huber, A. H., and Snyder, W. H., Building wake effects on short stack effluents, pp. 235-242 in Preprints, Third Symposium on Atmospheric Turbulence, Diffusion and Air Quality. October 19-22, 1976, Raleigh, NC. American Meteorological Society, Boston, 1976. 

If the eoneentration of the traeer moleeules in the reaetor effluent are known, then the measured response will depend on the length of the reaetor, the rate of diffusion, and mean fluid veloeity. The response... 

Example 15.6 Determine the washout function if a diffusion-free, laminar flow reactor is put in a recycle loop. Assume that 75% of the reactor effluent is recycled per pass. 

Although acetone was a major product, it was not observed by infrared spectroscopy. Flowing helium/acetone over the catalyst at room temperature gave a prominent carbonyl band at 1723 cm 1 (not show here). In this study, a DRIFTS (diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy) cell was placed in front of a fixed reactor DRIFTS only monitored the adsorbed and gaseous species in the front end of the catalyst bed. The absence of acetone s carbonyl IR band in Figure 3 and its presence in the reactor effluent suggest the following possibilities (i) acetone formation from partial oxidation is slower than epoxidation to form PO and/or (ii) acetone is produced from a secondary reaction of PO. 

The experimental system consists of three sections (i) a gas metering section with interconnected 4-port and 6-port valves, (ii) a reactor section including an in-situ diffused reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy reactor (DRIFTS) connected to tubular quartz reactor, (iii) an effluent gas analysis section including a mass spectrometer or a gas chromatograph (9). 

Fig. 2.4p shows three types of post-column reactor. In the open tubular reactor, after the solutes have been separated on the column, reagent is pumped into the column effluent via a suitable mixing tee. The reactor, which may be a coil of stainless steel or ptfe tube, provides the desired holdup time for the reaction. Finally, the combined streams are passed through the detector. This type of reactor is commonly used in cases where the derivatisation reaction is fairly fast. For slower reactions, segmented stream tubular reactors can be used. With this type, gas bubbles are introduced into the stream at fixed time intervals. The object of this is to reduce axial diffusion of solute zones, and thus to reduce extra-column dispersion. For intermediate reactions, packed bed reactors have been used, in which the reactor may be a column packed with small glass beads. 

Transport Properties. Because the feed is primarily air and because substantial amounts of N2 and 02 are present in the effluent stream, we will assume that the fluid viscosity is that of air for purposes of pressure drop calculations. For the temperature range of interest, the fluid viscosity may be taken as equal to 320 micropoise. The pressure range of interest does not extend to levels where variations of viscosity with pressure need be considered. The effective diffusivities of naphthalene and phthalic anhydride in the catalyst pellet may be evaluated using the techniques developed in Section 12.2. 

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