Effects of structural disorder

Effects of Structural Disorder on the Generation of Acidic Sites in Zeolite L... 

Effect of Structural Disorder on Intrinsic Defect Formation in Silicon Dioxide.104... 

EFFECT OF STRUCTURAL DISORDER ON INTRINSIC DEFECT FORMATION IN SILICON DIOXIDE... 

Neutron powder diffraction spectrum of (hexagonal) D2O ( H20) ice (phase Ih) at 260 K, close to the melting point. Note the large amount of diffuse scattering under the Bragg peaks, indicating effects of structural disorder (Pusztai and McGreevy 1997, unpublished data)... 

In their Monte Carlo studies, A. Bunde et al. considered the effects of structural disorder and long-range Coulomb interactions systematically [23, 24]. In particular, they reproduced the frequent occurrence of correlated forward-backward hopping sequences, which are the main cause of the first-universality phenomenon. Disorder and interactions were also taken into account in the Counterion Model developed by W. Dieterich et al., who derived realistic spectra, a(v), from their numerical simulations [25]. 

As may be seen from Eq. (7), one of the characteristics of the Snoek relaxation in crystalline metals is a direct proportionality between the relaxation strength and the (dilute) interstitial concentration, C. This simple relationship is a consequence of the fact that every interstitial atom produces an identical elastic dipole. In attempting to adapt Eq. (7) to the case of an amorphous host, we must again consider the effects of structural disorder. As discussed in more detail in Section 5, it appears the major modification to Eq. (7) may result from the fact that the elementary act of reorientation now occurs between sites whose energies are not precisely equal, but are split by an... 

Chromosomal disorders can also be caused by changes in chromosome structure. These changes are caused by the breakage and reunion of chromosome segments when an egg or sperm cell is formed or in early fetal development. Pieces of DNA can be rearranged within one chromosome, or transferred between two or more chromosomes. The effects of structural changes depend on their size and location. Many different structural changes are possible some cause medical problems, while others may have no effect on a person s health. 

In addition, many of the ferroelectric solids are mixed ions systems, or alloys, for which local disorder influences the properties. The effect of disorder is most pronounced in the relaxor ferroelectrics, which show glassy ferroelectric behavior with diffuse phase transition [1]. In this chapter we focus on the effect of local disorder on the ferroelectric solids including the relaxor ferroelectrics. As the means of studying the local structure and dynamics we rely mainly on neutron scattering methods coupled with the real-space pair-density function (PDF) analysis. 

MODELLING VERTICAL TUNNELING IN SEMICONDUCTOR MULTIPLE QUANTUM WELL STRUCTURES EFFECT OF THE DISORDER IN LAYER PARAMETERS... 

Delfs et al. (1975) have obtained quench-condensed PbCe (0-10 at% Ce) films to examine the connection between the superconductivity and the Kondo effect. They have studied the superconducting transition (between 0-7 K) versus the Ce content and shown that the transition temperatures are sensitive to the degree of structural disorder. The samples exhibit changes of the transition temperature and Kondo resistance by annealing at 77 and 20 K, respectively. 

Mixtures of clay platelets and polymer chains compose a colloidal system. Thus in the melt state, the propensity for the clay to be stably dispersed at the level of individual disks (an exfoliated clay dispersion) is dictated by clay, polymer, stabilizer, and compatibilizer potential interactions and the entropic effects of orientational disorder and confinement. An isometric dimension of clay platelets also has implications for stability because liquid crystalline phases may form. In addition, the very high melt viscosity of polypropylene and the colloidal size of clay imply slow particulate dynamics, thus equilibrium structures may be attained only very gradually. Agglomerated and networked clay structures may also lead to nonequilibrium behavior such as trapped states, aging, and glassy dynamics. 

---