Effects of pH in Organic Solvents

Exchange of hydrogen ions and cations, such as sodium ions, with acidic groups of the enzyme 

Transfer of both hydrogen ions and anions, such as chloride, onto basic groups of the enzyme. 

A drawback of using organo soluble buffers for pH control is that in order to obtain the reaction product in a pure form after the enzymatic reaction, the buffer substances must be removed, which complicates the procedure. The use of solid-state buffers for organic media has thus been proposed, lysine and its hydrochloride being a typical example [73]. In addition, a wide range of biological buffers such as PIPES, MOPS, TES, HEPES, HEPPSO, TAPS, and AMPSO have been used in combination with their sodium or potassium salts [74]. Transfer of ions between the solid-state buffer and the enzyme can be slow in hydrophobic solvents, resulting in lag phases of up to 30 min [69]. 

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