Effects of Carbon Black Type

The conductivity of a polymer-CB composite depends upon such factors as 

When comparing the same CB in different matrices, the threshold concentrations ofXE-2 (a high structure CB) range from 1.0 in polyacetal to 4.4 wt% in polycarbonate (PC) (see Table 18.3). There are explicable variations in among the two types of polyethylene of different MI cited. But it is notable that all the values of Vc are within 

After Ref. [19], reprinted with permission from Marcel Dekker, Inc. 

Note CB is Ketjenblack EC 600 JD (Akzo, The Netherlands). The glass fibers are 10 (Jm in diameter and 3 mm long (Vetrotex, Owens-Corning). 

Differences are observed for both surface and bulk conductivities of one CB in various polymers as for example when Narkis et al. [19] compare PP, PS, HIPS, PE, Noryl . There is even a subtle effect of composition on resistivity in the case of PP homopolymer versus P P copolymer because the latter contains a rubbery component (Table 18.4). The CB apparently segregates into the rubbery phase and a higher loading of CB is needed to reach levels of conductivity comparable to the homopolymer [19]. Effects oftitanate surface treatments on the conductivity of CB compounds are included in Chapter 5. 

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EFFECT OF CARBON BLACK TYPES AND PROPORTIONS ON URETHANE ELASTOMER PROPERTIES... 

Four disks were prepared, two of which contained N-330 carbon black and two of which contained N-326 carbon black. Thus, the reproducibility among equivalent specimens (edge samples within a treatment of a disk) and the reproducibility between disks could be assessed. Also the effect of carbon black type could be observed as could the effect of vulcanization. 

Effect of Carbon Black Type and Level on Cj and C2 Constants in Mooney-Rivlin Equation... 

Effect of carbon black type and temperature on tan 6 of SSBR compounds. 

Accordingly, two phenomena are observed involving the effect of carbon black. One is the reduction in sulfur rank for the Ale sulfide structure, and the other, is the formation of the A1 type product at an earlier cure stage and an increase in the B1 products at a later stage. 

In spite of the high concentration of carbon black particles the only observable effect of carbon black is a slight broadening of the resonance of Xe absorbed in EPDM at 205 ppm. The temperature dependence of this shift and the line width of the 205 ppm line are slightly dependent on the presence and the type of carbon black. The temperature dependence is shown in Figure 12.15 at lower temperatures (-33 °C), the sample with the largest carbon black particles (EPDM/N550) has the smallest chemical shift. 

For a deeper understanding of structure-property relationships it is useful to consider the effect of carbon black grade and concentration as well as polymer type on the dielectric properties more closely. In Fig. 29 the real part of the a.c.-conductivity o at 20 °C of a series of rubber composites, consisting of the more polar statistical co-polymer NBR and the fine black N220, is depicted for various filler concentrations in the high frequency regime up to 1 GHz. For the lower carbon black concentrations, a power law behavior with exponent around 0.6 is observed, while the highly filled com-... 

Choosing carbon black as a filler for fibers has many implications. Figure 19.18 shows the effect of carbon black loading on viscosity in PET. Viscosity depends on the type of carbon black. A reduction of 50% viscosity can be attained at the same carbon black concentration simply by change to another grade of carbon black. Moisture absorption, which affects the drying time, can be substantially reduced (by about 50%) by the selection of the appropriate carbon black." Tiber color and tone are affected by the carbon black type and by the method of its dispersion. 

In this work, the tonghness effect of carbon black (Ketjenblack EC-300j, Ketjem Black International Co., Japan) and nanoclay (Cloisite 93A, Southern Clay Products, United States) on the modified bisphenol A-type epoxy resin (YD-114F, Kukdo Chanical, Korea) was investigated at room (25 C) and cryogenic (-150°C) temperatures. 

Typical effects of carbon blacks on the shear viscosity function are illustrated in Figure 5.2, drawn using data published by Montes et al. Three types... 

As may be expected, dynamic properties are affected in a complex manner by CB type and level, frequency and temperature. No overall understanding is presently available, but a certain coherence emerges when reviewing the most significant effects of carbon blacks on dynamic properties, as reported in literature. 

An early form of carbon black produced by the burning of oils in a simple type of furnace. It was used in the compounding of rubber mainly as a black pigment it has little or no reinforcing effect. 

If Tl and 1/5 are plotted as ordinate and abscissa, we get curves of different types. The intercept on the K-axis will give the value of T)rt, i.e., resistance of flow at extremely high shear ratio. It has been observed that thixotropy of carbon black dispersion is reduced on adding 3% linoleic acid. These curves also show the effect of thixotropy in the absence and presence of linoleic acid, respectively. 

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