Effect of temperature on product

Fig. 5. The effect of temperature on product distribution in VPO of butane with air.

To understand the effect of temperature on product distribution, let s briefly review what we said in Section 5.7 about rates and equilibria. Imagine a reaction that can give either or both of two products, B and C. 

Hydrilla explant bioassays. The general effects of temperature on production and elongation of new shoots on 2-node hydrilla explants is shown in Figure 3. No shoots were produced at 15 C, but at 36 C ca. 50% of the explants had new shoots averaging 7 cm in length within 7 days. In most cases, only one new shoot was produced per explant, but occasionally, two shoots were produced (either one at each node or two at one node). 

Figure 3 Effect of temperature on production and elongation of new shoots on hydrilla two-node explants. Arrow indicates when explants originally maintained at 15 or 36 C were exxcharxjed. Values are means S.E.

Tables 4.4 and 4.5 show the effect of temperature on product yield and composition from the pyrolysis of mixed municipal solid waste (MSW) and bituminous coal. Other data11 show that beyond a certain temperature char yield does...

Table 4.4 Sampling of Data Extracted From the Study By Klass (1998) Showing the Effects of Temperature on Product Yield and Gas Compositions From Pyrolysis of Combustible Fraction of MSW...

Effect of Temperature. To illustrate the effects of temperature on product composition from ATR, consider the reforming of n-Cie- The reactions that take place in the reformer can be summarized by the following ... 

Figure 6. Effect of temperature on product yields in 3% NaOH (1 h reaction time).

Effect of Temperature. Figure 5 illustrates the effect of temperature on product distribution. An increase in temperature decreases yields of gasoline and increases gas yields. In addition, the yield of butylenes in the C4 cut increases with increased temperature and the octane number of the gasoline produced is higher,... 

COKE YIELD, WEIGHT % OF CHARGE Figure 5, Effect of Temperature on Product Distribution... 

Since product distributions depend on the relative rates of competing reactions, effects of temperature on products depend on differences in activation energies, AE. For each pair of competing reactions of the tert-Bu02 radicals, the following AE values (in kilocalories per mole) and qualitative effects of increasing temperature are estimated. Some of these values were considered under Liquid-Phase Oxidations. ... 

Figure 4. Effect of temperature on product distribution (3000 psig, 1.0 gm/hr/gm nominal)...

An example demonstrating the effect of temperature on product formation is the case of alpha methylene ketones. The latter react in methanol solution at -70 °C with sulfur (S/ketone = 8) in the presence of ammonia and piperidine giving 2H-imidazoles, 4, in high yield (14). However, a diminished yield of this type of product results when the temperature is raised to 0 °C. Interestingly, in the case of 2H-imidazole formation, sulfur is promoting the oxidation of ketone without being incoroorated into the product. 

Table 6.5 Effect of temperature on product yield at IT/F = 0.75 kg-cat kg oil h. (Reproduced by permission of the American Chemical Society)...

TABLE 8.5 Effects of Temperature on Product Yields and Gas and Char Compositions from Pyrolysis of the Combustible Fraction in MSW ... 

Figure 3. Effect of temperature on product composition of carbon monoxide runs in 304 stainless steel reactor...

Fig. 7. Effect of temperature on productions of 2-cyclohexylethyl caffeate and 3-cyclohexylpropyl caffeate (Kurata et al., 2010). The reaction was performed at 60°C-110°C with Novozyme 435 and [bmim] [NTf2], which was used as a reaction medium.

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