Effect of fines

Fig. 5. Effect of fines particle size on (a) bubble size for FCC catalyst, of Pp = 1250 kg/m, decreases with increa sing fines content, U = 0.1 m/s and...

FIG. 20-7 Effect of fineness on the flammability of metal powders. Hmi-mann, Nagy, and Brown, U.S. Bur. Mines Rep. Invest. 3722, 1943.)... 

Jones, A.G., Chianese, A. and Mullin, J.W., 1984. Effect of fines destruction on batch cooling crystallization of potassium sulphate solutions. In Industrial Crystallization 84. Eds. S.J. Jancic and E.J. de Jong, Amsterdam Elsevier, pp. 191-194. 

Personov RI, AT shits LA, Bykovskaja LA (1972) The effect of fine structure appearance in laser-excited fluorescence spectra of organic compounds in solid solutions. Opt Commun 6 169-173... 

Nakagawa, N., Li, Z., Bai, D., and Kato, K., Fundamental Study of Fine Particle Residence in a Powder-Particle Fluidized Bed / Effect of Fine Powder Concentration, Preprint Fluidization VIII, 1 287 (1995)... 

Figure 3.5 Effect of fines (left) on elution compared with a silica gel that has no fines (right).

However, the differences between an experiment whereby 1.4 1/s of the total fines flow of 1.7 1/s is dissolved and an experiment at the same residence time of 1.25 hrs without fines dissolution, are negligible. This is probably due to the small cut size which is attained with the present configuration. Increasing the cut size by using an insert in the annular zone, may be one method of increasing the effect of fines removal. 

Fig. 3.21 The effect of fine aggregate of 3-600 pm diameter on the air entrainment of concrete (Craven), of air. The effect of fly ash on air entrainment is also dependent on its carbon content (LOl - loss of ignition).

Wood, P.J. andArmitage, P.D. (1997). Biological effects of fine sediment in the lotic environment. Environmental Management, 21 203-217. 

In coal pulverizers it is desirable to supply heated air to vaporize the water in the coal. However, the temperature of this heated air should not be so high that ignition could occur. Craig (1G) in studying this problem discusses the effect of coal concentration of flame velocity. Maximum flame velocity occurs at an air-fuel ratio of about 5 to 1. Godbert and Greenwald (3G) report the effect of fineness on the flammability of coal dusts. 

The sonophotocatalytic system is effective for overall water splitting as shown in Fig. 12.2 and Table 12.1. This system requires, properly, a photocatalyst such as particulate Ti02. As ultrasonic waves pass through the solution, the properties of the solution influence a sonochemical reaction. In particular, negative effects are considered in the presence of powdered photocatalysts. The effects of fine particles in the solution on the sonochemical reaction have been noted so far. For example, Yasuda et al.19) reported the effects of insoluble particles, such as silicon oxide (Si02) or aluminum oxide (Al203), in the reactant solution on the sonochemical reaction and demonstrated that the reaction rate constant depended on particle properties, particle size and number of particles. It is assumed that a powdered photocatalyst suspended in the solution obstructs the transmission of ultrasonic waves. In this section, the influence of the photocatalyst powder suspended in solution on the sonochemical reaction is examined. 

Pope CA, Dockery DW (2006) Health effects of fine particulate air pollution lines that connect. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 56 709-742... 

Optimization of coal sampling is a function of the many variable constituents of coal. The effect of fineness on the combustion of pulverized coal is dramatic, and the special problems associated with collection of an unbiased sample of pulverized coal need to be addressed (ASTM D-197). Operating samples are often collected from the coal streams to power plants on a regular basis not only for determination of heat balance but also to document compliance with air pollution emission regulations. 

Experiments were carried out to determine the reduction of lump coal degradation due to the presence of coal fines (-16.0 mm) with the lumps at the different impact surfaces. Cushioning effects of fines consists of five different types of tests are as follows. 

The cushioning effects of fines of South Blackwater and Ensham coal tested on steel surface at 5 m drop height were shown in Figs. 2 and 3. Data for the Fig. 2 are given in Table 2. The result of these figures shows that, there was a significant difference of fines percentage between the non-cushioned and cushioned coal sample. Non-cushioned coal sample of South Blackwater coal dropped on steel surface produced 12% more fines than a cushioned coal sample, 13.3% more fines than a sample of initial 10% fines, 27.5% more fines than a sample of initial 30% fines and 30.9% more fines than a sample of initial 50% fines at 30 m total drops (six drops at 5 m) shown in Fig. 2. 

Figs. 12 and 13 shows that there were no significant difference of fines percentage in between three impact surfaces tested with sample of initial 30% fines of South Blackwater and Ensham coal at 30 m total drops. The results of these figures reveal that at higher percentage of initial fines the cushioning effects of fines on different impact surfaces are same. 

Non-cushioned coal sample of both types of coal dropped on different impact surfaces produced higher percentage of fines than the sample of cushioned coal, initial 10% fines, initial 30% fines and initial 50% fines. The cushioning effects of South Blackwater and Ensham coal with initial 10% fines dropped on steel surface produced more fines than conveyor surface and coal surface. The cushioning effect of fines on coal surface was least compare to other two impact surfaces. There was no significant difference of fines generation in between the three impact surfaces tested with a sample of initial 30% fines of both types of coal. The degradation model was used satisfactorily for South Blackwater coal on different impact surfaces. 

Wood, P.J. and P.D. Armitage (1997). Biological Effects of Fine Sediment in the Lotic Environment. Environ. Manag., 21(2). New York Springer-Verlag, pp. 203-217. 

It is easy to believe that the grain-boundary diffusion mechanism was the major one to be considered, as described in equation (9.1). The direct effect of fine grain size alone on the rate of deformation can be obtained from the °c d 3 relationship. Therefore the 100 nm sized 3Y-TZP material should exhibit some 40 times higher rates of deformation in comparison with the 0.35 pm grain-sized ones, under similar conditions. 

Geldart, D., Cullinan, J., Georghiades, S., Gilvray, D. and Pope, D. J. (1979). The Effect of Fines on Entrainment from Gas Fluidized Beds. Trans. Instn. Chem. Engrs., 57,269. 

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