Effect of deformation

The large effect of deformation of the hydride ion, whose mole refraction6 (deformability) is 25, is shown by the contraction in lithium hydride. 

The effect of deformation is shown in the sulfide, selenide and telluride of lead. Especially interesting is the decrease in the crystal radius in the series Mn++, Fe++, Co++, Ni++ there must then come an increase when the shell is completed, at Zn++, with the radius 0.74 A. 

Since the analytical consideration of the effect of deformation appearedto be too complicated to permit its execution, the... 

In a classic series of articles, Monnerie and coworkers have used IRLD to study the effect of deformation on the orientation of a series of polymers and polymer blends [22,23]. For example, Figure 5 shows the p- and s-polarized... 

Detailed kinetic studies of the reaction of Fe(II) in cyclophane hemes with 02 and with CO probed polarity and steric effects the effects of deformation of the porphyrin skeleton from planarity were assessed for one compound (121). Volume profiles have been established for reactions of a lacunar Fe(II) complex with CO (122 for myoglobin with 02 and with CO and for hemerythrin with 02 (123). 

Comparison of these equations shows that the area-free Sherwood number is only slightly affected by eccentricity e.g. Sh/Pe for a spheroid with E = 0.4 is only 8.5% larger than that for the equivalent sphere while the area ratio A/A is 17% larger. Therefore, we expect little effect of deformation on the area-free Sherwood number for bubbles and drops at high Re. This is borne out by the agreement of the data in Fig. 7.14 with Eq. (5-39), derived for fluid spheres. 

For most metals, the effect of deformation on the corrugation in the topographic image is much smaller than the observed values. 

Our findings in regard to the effects of deformation on PTFE accord in some respects with observations on the deformation of polyethylene " and polypropylene, although PE and PP usually have a spherulitic morphology before drawing. 

Mechanical conditioning can greatly affect the measured resistivity but the effect of deformation is not entirely permanent and recovery can be accelerated by heating. For this reason, ISO 1853 specifies conditioning at 70°C, followed by conditioning at 23 °C and 50% RH without disturbance of the test piece. The potentiometric electrodes are shown in detail and sources of a suitable electrometer given in an annex. The potential of the current... 

As we learned in Chapter 2, it is necessary to include shell effects in the liquid drop model if we want to get reasonable values for nuclear masses. Similarly, we must devise a way to include these same shell effects into the liquid drop model description of the effect of deforming nuclei. Strutinsky (1967) proposed such a method to calculate these shell corrections (and also corrections for nuclear pairing) to the liquid drop model. In this method, the total energy of the nucleus is taken as the sum of a liquid drop model (LDM) energy, LDM and the shell (8S) and pairing (8P) corrections to this energy,... 

Voisey, P.W. and Larmond, E. (1977). The effect of deformation rate on the relationship between sensory and instrumental measurements of meat tenderness by the Warner- Bratzler method. Canad. Inst. Food Sci. Technol. 10, 307-312. 

Some polysiloxanes form liquid-crystalline phases because of the presence of relatively stiff side chains.168-176 They have been much studied, particularly with regard to the effect of deformation of the elastomeric polysiloxane phase on the mesomorphic behavior exhibited by the side chains. 

Effect of deformation rate on compressive strength of pellets [29] (wet iron ore agglomerates containing bentonite). 

The piezo-electric effect of deformations of quartz under alternating current (at a frequency in the order of 10 MHz) is used by coating the crystal with a selectively binding substance, e. g. an antibody. When exposed to the antigen, an antibody-antigen complex will be formed on the surface and shift the resonance frequency of the crystal proportionally to the mass increment which is, in turn, proportional to the antigen concentration. A similar approach is used with surface acoustic wave detectors [142] or with the surface plasmon resonance technology (BIAcore, Pharmacia). 

Chemistry of multilayered cyclophanes has been reviewed and their physical and chemical properties have also been extensively discussed [52]. The UV spectra are known to show large bathochromic shifts with sizeable hyperchromic effects and become structureless as the number of layers increases. These features are more apparent for up to four-layered cyclophanes. This was explained primarily by the transannular n-n interaction/delocalization, while the effect of deformation of the benzene rings was thought to be rather negligible [53]. Despite the UV spectral study, only a limited amount of effort has been devoted so far to the study of the chiroptical properties of layered cyclophanes. 

Curve 1 in Fig. 1 under low rotor r.p.m. corresponds to the case when the rate of the stress buildup under the effect of deformation is commensurate with the rate of their relaxation. The development of time-delayed elastic deformations determines the final rate of attainment of the steady-state regime of viscous flow, under which the stationary value of the shear stress is recorded. Starting with the moment of time t, the stress will increase and the period of the viscous-plastic state comes to an end. 

Stable particle suspensions exhibit an extraordinarily broad range of rheological behavior. which depends on particle concentration, size, and shape, as well as on the presence and type of stabilizing surface layers or surface charges, and possible viscoelastic properties of the suspending fluid. Some of the properties of suspensions of spheres are now reasonably well understood, such as (a) the concentration-dependence of the zero-shear viscosity of hard-sphere suspensions and (b) the effects of deformability of the steric-stabilization layers on the particles. In addition, qualitative understanding and quantitative empirical equations... 

Figure 6.2. Effect of deformation e on the microhardness H of homo-PBT. (From Fakirov Boneva, 1998.)...

The effect of deformation while cooling from above the melt temperature was also studied. The value of G as a function of temperature at constant strain for the materials was followed. The results depicted in Figure 9 show that all the liquid crystalline... 

Mitra, S. 1988. Effects of deformation mechanisms on reservoir potential in central Appalachian overthrust belt. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 72 536-554. 

Freeman, D.H. 1990. Permeability effects of deformation bands in porous sandstones. MS Thesis, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 90 pp. 

It has been found(11) that the both models give a similar effect of deformation and can account for the variations of the SAXS profiles at an early stage of deformation. However at large deformation the simple models cannot account for the observed profiles and requires some modifications(11). It should be noted that the variations of the profiles with deformation may also be described in terms of orientation and deformation of non-spherical clusters... 

---