Edge shapes

By contrast, in EELS the characteristic edge shapes are derived from the excitation of discrete inner shell levels into states above the Fermi level (Figure lb) and reflect the empty density of states above f for each atomic species. The overall... 

Schematic illustration of K, L, M, N and O edge shapes the white lines sometimes detected on L and M shells are shown as shaded peaks at the edge onsets. In all sketches the background shape has been omitted for clarity.

Figure 1. SEM images of (a) untreated natural graphite precursor SL-20 and (b) surface treated natural graphite with round edge shape (SLC-1015).

K. Nakada, M. Fujita, G. Dresselhaus, M. S. Dresselhaus, Edge state in graphene ribbons Nanometer size effect and edge shape dependence, Phys. Rev. B, vol. 54, pp. 17954-17961, 1996. 

Now X-ray region has been opened to the photoacoustic spectroscopy. However, as seen in this text, the photoacoustic X-ray absorption spectroscopy is still in primitive stage. For the real applications, it seems that the sensitivity should be improved at least 10 times better than now or the photon flux should be increased by focusing or insertion devices. With the specific character of X-ray absorption, e.g. transparency of X-ray and abrupt edge shape absorption profile, this method seems to have hopeful future when the unique photoacoustic application can be conducted. 

So, cutting edge-shaped joints do prevent flame transmission to the external atmosphere. For the purpose of manufacturing electrical equipment, this fact may be unimportant, but it is very helpful towards an explanation of the working principle of a flameproof joint. 

A w edge shaped detector window (with radial sides, circular inner and outer sides), centered on r and spanning r, to rj where h " I... 

The reverse microemulsion phase chosen was a well documented one it included AOT as the main surfactant. AOT or Bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate is an edge-shape ion, as represented in Fig. 1. It favors the formation of spherical water-in-oil droplets at low water content but, on increasing the water-to-surfactant molar ratio w, interconnected cylinders have been reported [7, 3]. The choice of AOT was made in order to concentrate the reaction medium, i.e. increase the volume of dispersed phase and so the yield of the formation of MoSx with respect to the total microemulsion volume. 

The geometry around the bismuth center is a basal-edge-shaped square pyramid with Bi-0 bond distances of 2.07(2)-2.11(l), 2.20(1)-2.21(1) and 2.53(1)-2.58(1) A. The terminal ligands are bound to the bismuth more tightly than the bridging ligands [90IC358], The interaction between the... 

To have a steady flow over the diaphragm surface of the microsilicon sensor element, flow separation has to be avoided upstream of the sensor element. Therefore it is necessary to mount it flush to a wall, with an upstream edge shaped with radii to give a steady flow. Another requirement is to induce no mechanical stress on the sensor chip. Therefore it is mounted like a beam on one side of the chip only. A third requirement is that the electrical connections are protected from the environment. 

There is a simple analytical solution, treating the cell edges as slender beams with a constant cross section. The deformed shape of the edge DC has a centre of symmetry at its midpoint O (Fig. 4.23). The half-edge shape is that of a cantilever beam of length L/2, built in at vertex C, loaded at its free end O by a force P/2. Large deformation beam theory relates the local curvature to the moment M by Eq. (C.15). The compressive stress cr in the... 

M.H. -Oschatzchen, A. Martin, G. Meichsner, M. Ko walick, H. Zeidler, A. Sc Hubert, inverse jet electrochemical machining for functional edge shaping of micro bores, Procedia CIRP 6 (2013) 379-384. 

It is hoped that the conclusions of this study may yield some clues for a more general optimization. For example, the present comparison suggests preference for rounded shapes over sharp-edged shapes (paraboloids V5 cylinders or truncated cones). Also, it suggests that more than one geometrical degree of freedom is required for an optimal surface (hemispheres V5 all other shapes). 

Blanking (die cutting). The cutting of flat sheet stock to shape by striking it sharply with a punch while it is supported on a mating die. Punch presses are often used for the operation. An alternate method is to make the cut with a thin, sharp-edged, shaped steel blade called a steel-rule die. See also die cutting. 

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