Heat pumps earth loop

Earth Connection Subsystem Component of a ground source heat-pump system that collects thermal energy from or distributes thermal energy to the Earth below its surface also known as a loop. ... 

In areas where a good supply of clean ground water and an accessible water discharge system is available, an earth loop becomes unnecessary. Well water is pumped directly through the unit and heat is either extracted from or rejected back to the water table. See Fig. H-2. 

The oil is loaded into the reactor, shown with both an agitator and a pumped circulation-spray loop, and heated under vacuum (110-130°C) to reduce water and peroxide contents. Next, the oil is cooled to 70-90°C and the catalyst is added as dry powder at 0.05-0.15 percent or suspended in dry oil. Randomization requires about 30 min, with an additional 15-30 min allowed for completioa After the reaction is complete, the batch is transferred to a postbleacher where the process is arrested by inactivating the catalyst by addition of water or an (phosphoric or citric) acid solution. Bleaching earth, added to absorb the inactivated catalyst and soaps removed by filtration and the oil sent to blending or deodor-ization. Losses from the formation of FFA and FAME are —10 times the catalyst weight, with... 

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