Early locking

There has been a push for direct data collection (DDC) as an alternative to remote data capture (RDC). In this approach most of the required clinical data are acquired directly from existing patient record systems such as MRI machines, ECG, EEG, TTM, laboratories, and other measurement equipment. This approach eliminates the need for paper transcription and reentry to another system. It promises error-free and resource-efficient data capture, which allows early locking of the database and therefore potentially earlier product launch [30]. 

Hemessy, Thomas R Early Locks and Lockmakers of America. 

Since methane is almost always a byproduct of organic decay, it is not surprising that vast potential reserves of methane have been found trapped in ocean floor sediments. Methane forms continually by tiny bacteria breaking down the remains of sea life. In the early 197Qs it was discovered that this methane can dissolve under the enormous pressure and cold temperatures found at the ocean bottom. It becomes locked in a cage of water molecules to form a methane hydrate (methane weakly combined chemically with water). This "stored" methane is a resource often extending hundreds of meters down from the sea floor. 

This technique was applied in the early 1960s to a lock of hair taken from Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) on St Helena. Arsenic levels of up to 50 times normal suggested he may have been a victim of poisoning, perhaps on orders from the French royal family. 

Early in the last century, Emil Fischer compared the highly specific fit between enzymes and their substrates to that of a lock and its key. While the lock and key model accounted for the exquisite specificity of enzyme-substrate interactions, the imphed rigidity of the... 

To carry out a spectroscopy, that is the structural and dynamical determination, of elementary processes in real time at a molecular level necessitates the application of laser pulses with durations of tens, or at most hundreds, of femtoseconds to resolve in time the molecular motions. Sub-100 fs laser pulses were realised for the first time from a colliding-pulse mode-locked dye laser in the early 1980s at AT T Bell Laboratories by Shank and coworkers by 1987 these researchers had succeeded in producing record-breaking pulses as short as 6fs by optical pulse compression of the output of mode-locked dye laser. In the decade since 1987 there has only been a slight improvement in the minimum possible pulse width, but there have been truly major developments in the ease of generating and characterising ultrashort laser pulses. 

Finally, it has been noted that some people think that they need TMS in their samples to enable them to lock. This is not the case On modem spectrometers, TMS is used for referencing only. There was a time when it was used for locking CW instruments (in an early form of spectrum averaging) but it is not used in that way for FT instruments now. 

If the crystal is a semiconductor such as Si, it can be used as the working electrode itself and this was the means employed in the early experiments. However, the limited number of suitable electrode materials available was a severe restriction and attempts to use metal-coated crystals suffered severely from the low sensitivity caused by the attenuation of the IR beam by the coating. In addition, lock-in detection is mainly limited to those electrochemical systems capable of responding sufficiently rapidly to the imposed potential modulation. 

Stouthart, A.J.H.X., F.A.T. Spanings, R.A.C. Lock, and S.E.W. Bonga. 1994. Effects of low water pH on lead toxicity to early life stages of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Aquat. Toxicol. 30 137-151. 

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