Dysprosium electronic configuration

Lanthanide elements (referred to as Ln) have atomic numbers that range from 57 to 71. They are lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), and lutetium (Lu). With the inclusion of scandium (Sc) and yttrium (Y), which are in the same subgroup, this total of 17 elements are referred to as the rare earth elements (RE). They are similar in some aspects but very different in many others. Based on the electronic configuration of the rare earth elements, in this chapter we will discuss the lanthanide contraction phenomenon and the consequential effects on the chemical and physical properties of these elements. The coordination chemistry of lanthanide complexes containing small inorganic ligands is also briefly introduced here [1-5]. 

Element 39, with 4d 5s2 electron configuration, is also similar to the lanthanides. It occurs with the lanthanides in minerals the best source is xenotime, YPO4. Yttrium has properties approximately midway between those of Sc and La its compounds also resemble those of the heavy earths dysprosium and holmium, the ionic radius (0.90 A) being similar. 

The particular case of yttrium is very useful to gain a deeper insight into this effect. Yttrium presents strong chemical similarities with lanthanides and its ionic radius (1.075 A) make it close to dysprosium (1.083 A) or erbium (1.062 A) on the other hand its electronic configuration (4f ) is identical to that of lanthanum. Plotting the variation of / vs the... 

Many of the elements of importance in fuel reprocessing are found within the sixth and seventh periods of the periodic system. In the sixth period the rare-earth fission products, lanthanum to dysprosium, are difficult to separate from each other by chemical means. Their close similarity in chemical properties is explained on the basis of their electronic configurations [SI ] as shown in Table 9.1. 

The lutetium hahdes (except the fluoride), together with the nitrates, perchlorates, and acetates, are soluble in water. The hydroxide oxide, carbonate, oxalate, and phosphate compotmds are insoluble. Lutetium compounds are all colorless in the solid state and in solution. Due to its closed electronic configuration (4f " ), lutetium has no absorption bands and does not emit radiation. For these reasons it does not have any magnetic or optical importance, see also Cerium Dysprosium Erbium Europium Gadolinium Holmium Lanthanum Neodymium Praseodymium Promethium Samarium Terbium Ytterbium. 

Dysprosium (Dy) has electronic configuration of [Xe] 6s 5d 4f . The complete trivalent lanthanide crystal stmcture sequence can also be accessed in Dy with the application of pressure. Dysprosium has been extensively studied to various pressure ranges (Patterson et al., 2004 Samudrala and Vohra, 2012 Shen et al., 2007). 

Distillation, azeotropes, 6-177 to 195 Divergence, definition, A-68 to 74 DSC, definition, 12-1 to 4 DTA, definition, 12-1 to 4 Dubnium (element 105), 4-1 to 42,11-56 to 253 Dysprosium see also Elements electrical resistivity, 12-39 to 40 electron configuration, 1-18 to 19 heat capacity, 4-135 history, occurrence, uses, 4-1 to 42 ionization energy, 10-203 to 205 isotopes and their properties, 11-56 to 253 magnetic susceptibility, 4-142 to 147 molten, density, 4-139 to 141... 

Figure 5J0 Dysprosium atom s electron configuration (K, L and M are closed and omitted).

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