Dual reporter nanoparticles

Fig. 7 Dual reporter nanoparticles uptake of magnetic/fluoiescent nanoparticles with different acrylic acid contents (leading to different caiboxylic surface densities) as detected by confocal microscopy (HeLa cells) and FACS measurements (different cell lines) the magnetite content was measured for PLL-coated nanoparticles in comparison with covalently coupled lysine (Lys) nanoparticles [38]...

Holzapfel V, Lorenz M, Weiss CK, et al. (2006) Synthesis and biomedical applications of functionalized fluorescent and magnetic dual reporter nanoparticles as obtained in the miniemulsion process. J Phys Condens Matter 18 S2581-S2594... 

Bakr et al. reported the flow reactor synthesis of PbS quantum dots for applications in solar cells. They showed that the flow reactor products had comparable performance to the batch synthesized PbS nanoparticles. A dual-temperature-stage flow reactor synthesis was carried out to achieve optimum results. The flow reactor system is shown schematically in Fig. 11. In this method precursor A consists of lead oxide, oleic acid (OA), and octadecene (ODE) whereas precursor B contains bis(trimethylsilyl) sulfide (TMS) and ODE. The two precursors are injected under nitrogen. The mixed reactants proceed together to the nu-cleation stage that is temperature-controlled by thermocouple 1. The precursors react at the elevated temperatures to form nucleation seeds. The quantum dots are then isolated using acetone and re-dispersed in toluene. 

Wieckowski s group has studied formic acid electrooxidation on Pt nanoparticles decorated with controlled amounts of Pd and Pd-l-Ru adatoms [41]. They reported two orders of magnitude increase in the reactivity of the Pd-decorated catalyst compared to pure Pt towards formic acid oxidation. Also, it was concluded that the impact of COads on the Pt/Pd catalyst through the dual pathway mechanism is much lower even though the potential required to remove COads from the surface was the highest. 

An attractive example of dual functional agents for biological imaging applications was reported by Sun et al. A fluorescent ruthenium complex was immobilised on to the surface of magnetic nanoparticles via 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid (DHPPA) and 0,0 -bis(2-aminopropyl) polypropylene glycol-A/ock-polyethylene glycol-i/ock-polypropylene glycol (PPG-PEG-PPG-diamine). ... 

Another example of this method is the synthesis of dual Au/Pt composites-the aqueous solutions of polyvinyl alcohol and poly-(JV>vinyl-2-pyrollidone) have been used [39] with polymerization in the solution after colloid particle formation. The aggregation of nanoparticles in this case does not usually take place however the polymerization conditions affect the homogeneity of the composite obtained. They show some catalytic propertks, characteristic of bimetallic catalysts. There were some reports on semiconductor composites with metal coatings such as CdS/Rh 40 A composites [44] and CdSe/Ag SO A composites [45]. The former system exhibits enhanced photochemical properties, the latter was used for investigation of Raman scattering of nanocomposites. 

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