Drum concentrator

Wet deposition, 26 10 Wet dispersion image analysis, 18 147 Wet drum concentrator selection, feed factors in, 15 446—447 Wet drum magnetic separators, low intensity, 15 442—449 Wet drum ore concentrator specifications, 15 447-449... 

Most iron-ore-concentrating drums are applied in a multidrum configuration in order to obtain maximum rejection of nonmagnetic particles. In cobbing service, two drums are typical but as many as four have been used. These drum concentrators incorporate a repulping box ahead of each dmm in order to provide the next drum with a feed that can accomplish nonmagnetic rejection. 

Drum concentrators Concentrations up to 93% acid are attained by direct contact with furnace gases. The purification effect is less than in the Plinke process. The sulfuric acid to be concentrated flows through a number of brick-lined chambers, which are connected in a cascade, in which furnace gases at 600°C flow in countercurrent to the acid and become saturated with water vapor. 

Oleum was produced in nearly all of the factories in standard commercial sulfur-burning units while concentration of sulfuric acid was carried out in a variety of plants including pot stills, drum concentrators, or Gaillard towers. The vast experience accumulated over the years of the Second World War has been collected together in a summary volume under the auspices of the Acid Plant Design Committee (24). 

Drum concentrators utilize direct heat from the furnace gases which pass through the acid and are consequently more efficient but suffer from the disadvantage that owing to the high acid temperature in the concentrated acid stage much acid spray is evolved which requires mist precipitators to remove and which moreover are costly to maintain. 

Concentration. Evaporation procedures depend on the concentration of the solution produced during neutralization and the water content required for the subsequent production of soHd product. Neutralizer solutions can contain as Httle as 2% and as much as 25% water feeds to drum granulators can contain 5% water, prill towers 0.3 to 0.5% water. 

Media. Recovery Wet Magnetic Drums. In HMS recovery service, the particle size of the feed, particularly the magnetic portion, is quite fine so that dmm wear is not a serious problem. Maximum magnetic recovery is important and the highest magnetic purity and soHds content in the magnetic concentrate are desired. 

For a given drum pressure and feed composition, the bubble- and dew-point temperatures bracket the temperature range of the equilibrium flash. At the bubble-point temperature, the total vapor pressure exerted by the mixture becomes equal to the confining drum pressure, and it follows that X = 1.0 in the bubble formed. Since yj = KjXi and since the x/s stiU equal the feed concentrations (denoted bv Zi s), calculation of the bubble-point temperature involves a trial-and-error search for the temperature which, at the specified pressure, makes X KjZi = 1.0. If instead the temperature is specified, one can find the bubble-point pressure that satisfies this relationship. 

For 2ibinary feed, specification of the flash-drum temperature and pressure fixes the equilibrium-phase concentrations, which are related to the values by... 

Drum and Pulley Magnets Since Thomas Edison invented and developed the magnetic pulley for the concentration of nickel ore, drums and pulleys have become the most common types of magnetic separators. These devices can be built with either a permanent magnet or an electromagnet, and the drum separator can operate with... 

Alternating-polarity drum separator. This device is used for the treatment of coarse material (minus 40 mm, plus 0.15 mm) containing strongly magnetic particles when a high-grade concentrate is required. The capacity of this device varies with feed-particle size, up to 100 t/(h m). 

High-speed, low-intensity drum magnetic separator. This device is designed to handle very fine material (minus 0.15 mm and finer) to produce a high-grade magnetic concentrate. 

Hence, copper heat exchanger tubes handling acetic acid can he more seriously corroded at low temperatures than at high temperatures. Sulfuric acid at room temperature is handled routinely in carbon steel drums and tanks when water concentration is low, but it becomes extremely corrosive as water concentration increases. As ferric-ion concentration increases during acid cleaning of industrial systems, the corrosion rate of steel increases rapidly. 

Fig. 6. Top Morphology of FPL surface following fluorine contamination. This is to be compared to the standard FTL morphology of Fig. 14. Middle Climbing drum peel (CDP) strength as a function of F surface concentration. Bottom F concentration on FPL surfaces following doping the FPL etch solution and the rinse water with NaF. The dotted line corresponds to the surface concentration with which the CDP strength began to decrease. Adapted from Ref. [37].

One way to remove the lower half of the liner, when hoisting facilities are not available or operational, Is to float the drum by filling the tank with a sufficiently concentrated solution. Other components that should be periodically checked are ... 

Disk Filters Disk filters consist of a number of concentric disks mounted on a horizontal rotary shaft. The operating principle is the same as that of rotary-drum vacuum filters. The basic design is illustrated in Figure 22. The disks are formed by using V-shaped hollow sectors assembled radially about a central shaft. Each sector is covered with filter cloth and has an outlet nipple coimected to a manifold... 

A Cj to Cg cracked naphtha cut is heated imder pressure in a soaking drum. Dimers and codimers of cyclopentadiene, methylcyciopentadiene, and isoprone are formed. This is followed by distillation, leaving a dimer concentrate bottoms. 

Preferably, the HjS flare system should consist of a segregated header and separate line routed up the side of a conventional elevated flare stack, sharing the same structure, pilots and igniters. However, the HjS header may be tied into the regular flare seal drum if there are special mechanical design problems associated with the separate stack e.g., in the case of a flare which is to be dismantled for overhaul. Flare elevation must be sufficient to meet atmospheric pollution and ground level concentration requirements for the sulfur dioxide produced. 

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