Caffeine drugs

The coffee and cola industries owe their wealth to the physiological properties of the drug caffeine. 

An additional question related to the nervous system effects of caffeine is what happens when you stop drinking caffeine Do you get a headache If the answer is yes then you are dependent on the drug caffeine. Some of your caffeine consumption is driven by a desire to avoid a caffeine-induced headache. 

Vinblastine (in vitro) Vinblastine (in vitro) OTC drugs Caffeine... 

Critical to the success of this screening approach is the selection and use of probe substrates that have a specific metabolic pathway mediated by a single CYP. An example of specific CYP probe substrates initially studied by Dear and co-workers (Ayrton et al., 1998a) is shown in Table 6.9. Many laboratories conduct detailed validation of CYP probe substrates to determine whether they can be simultaneously administered without metabolic interaction. One metabolic cocktail consists of the probe drugs caffeine, chlorzoxazone, dapsone, debrisoquin, and mephenytoin and is referred to as the Pittsburgh cocktail (Frye et al., 1997). The use of LC/MS/MS allows for the rapid... 

Brynne N, Bottiger Y, Hallen B, Bertilsson L. Tolterodine does not affect the human in vivo metabolism of the probe drugs caffeine, debrisoquine and omeprazole. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1999 47 145-150. 

In 8 healthy subjects a single 150-mg oral dose of phenylpropanolamine decreased the clearance of theophylline (given as a single 4-mg/kg intravenous dose of aminophylline 1 hour after the phenylpropanolamine) by 50%. Such a large reduction in clearance would be expeeted to result in some increase in serum theophylline levels, but so far no studies of this potentially clinically important interaction seem to have been earried out in patients. Be alert for evidence of toxicity if both drugs are used. More study is needed. See also Pseudoephedrine and related drugs + Caffeine , p.1276. 

Shakeel, F. Ramadan, W. Transdermal delivery of anticancer drug caffeine from water-in-oil nanoemulsions. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 2010, 75 (1), 356-362. 

Besides coffee and cola drinks, other sources of caffeine are tea, chocolate, and cocoa. Caffeine is a mild stimulant of the respiratory and central nervous systems, the reason for its well-known side effects of nervousness and insomnia. These characteristics, together with its behavior as a mild diuretic, account for the use of caffeine in a wide variety of products, including pain relievers, cold remedies, diet pills, and stay-awake pills (No-Doz ). Because caffeine is considered to be a drug, pregnant women should be prudent about how much caffeine they consume. Like most other drugs, caffeine enters the bloodstream, crosses the placental barrier, and reaches the fetus. 

In a similar study,an olive oil impregnated Millipore membrane was employed to determine the transport kinetics of several drugs between two aqueous compartments buffered at pH 1.2 and 7.4. Apparent first-order rate constants obtained for the drugs alone can be correlated with reported in vivo absorption rate constants. Each of the drugs is known to complex with caffeine, and in each case caffeine significantly reduces the rate of transport. Furthermore, calculated m vitro rate constants agree well with reported in vivo rote constants for the drug-caffeine complexes. 

A variety of chemicals influence the brain and its peripheral functions. These are collectively called psychoactive drugs . Caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, opiates, meth-amphetamine, ecstasy, etc. can all be considered to be psychoactive drugs . We will discuss here some of the psychoactive drugs that are not talked about in the other places of this book. 

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