Drug solubility proteins

Lipophilic drugs (e.g., opiates and antibiotics) cross more easily than do water-soluble drugs. Certain protein-bound drugs may achieve higher plasma concentrations in the fetus than in the mother. 

Andrade SM, Costa SMB (2002) Spectroscopic studies on the interaction of a water soluble porphyrin and two drug carrier proteins. Biophys J 82 1607-1619... 

A compatible polymeric matrix soluble in water or water/organic solvents provided with structural functionality suitable to interact with protein drugs and protein stabilizers without any adverse effects. 

Whereas initially the focus on antibody-based therapies was on cancer, anti-TNFa antibodies in particular have recently proven powerful in the therapy of chronic inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and rhemnatoid arthritis [71], These antibodies complex serum TNFa, the clinical benefit to RA patients most likely being the reduction of pro-inflammatory IL-6 and acute phase protein levels [9], Although they are directed against soluble proteins and as such will not serve as a drug carrier, they do show that targeted, i.e. selective, interference with a specific molecule or process can have a powerful effect without significant concomitant toxicity. 

Hemoperfusion is like hemodialysis except that blood is circulated extracorporeally through a column with adsorbent material like resin or charcoal, which binds molecules electrostatically. The molecules likely to be removed are characterized as poorly dialyzable, lipid-soluble, protein bound. Among the indications for hemoperfusion in the management of poisoning include the presence of a poison in a patient with impairment of excretory system (i.e. damaged kidneys), intoxication of a drug known to produce delayed toxicity or metabolized to a more toxic metabolite (i.e. paraquat or methotrexate), deterioration of the clinical state of the poisoned patient despite conservative therapy (i.e. convulsions or cardiac arrhythmias following theophylline intoxication), or development of coma as a complication. 

Many known drug receptors, and many prospective drug targets, exist as molecular arrays within membrane-bound macromolecules that cannot be readily crystallized neither can they be isolated or purified for the application of NMR methods. Moreover, even if an amino acid sequence were available, rule-based methods for the prediction of secondary structure, being derived as they are from a database of soluble proteins, cannot be applied with any confidence to the membrane-bound state. 

Numerous polymer-based therapeutics are on the market or undergoing clinical evaluation to treat cancer and other diseases. Many of them are low molecular weight drug molecules or therapeutic proteins that are chemically linked to water-soluble polymers to increase drug solubility, drug stability, or enable site-specific transport of drugs to target tissues affected by the disease. 

Most drugs and proteins are not soluble in commonly used supercritical fluids, and therefore are processed instead by the SC antisolvent technique,the most popularized being the SEDS, process which is illustrated in Fig. 9. SEDS-produced crystals can have extremely smooth surfaces, as shown by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, and the surface may be more hydrophobic and less wettable than crystals grown under more polar conditions.A scanning electron micrograph of acetominophen crystals produced by the SEDS process is shown in Fig. 10. 

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