Drug molar ratio

Fig. 3.12 Tracing of DSC thermograms of DPPS alone (control) and in the presence of MDR modifiers at a lipid-drug molar ratio of 1 0.05 (0.05 corresponds to the concentration of the drug in the ionized form). On the thermograms the small peaks on the left of the main phase transition peaks represent the...

When the interaction of the modifiers was studied on DPPS liposomes rather than DPPC liposomes, a major difference was the observed change in AH. This is exemplified in Figure 5.18. At lipid to drug molar ratios ranging from 1 0.01 to 1 0.1, the change in AH was observed for all studied compounds with the exception of verapamil and lidocaine. The decrease in AH of DPPS, indicating a new type of phospholipid organization, was paralleled by the formation of a new endothermic peak at... 

Calculate the final cyclodextrin-to-drug molar ratio by taking into account the initial amount of CD added and the final amount of drug measured. 

At low concentrations of the enhancer a certain molar ratio enhancer/ drug might yield the best results. 

Hammer and coworkers prepared PEG-h-PCL polymersomes entrapping DXR (Fig. 11a). The release of DXR from the polymersomes was in a sustained manner over 14 days at 37 °C in PBS via drug permeation through the PCL membrane, and hydrolytic degradation of the PCL membrane [228]. The release rate of encapsulated molecules from polymersomes can be tuned by blending with another type of block copolymer [229]. Indeed, the release rate of encapsulated DXR from polymersomes prepared from mixtures of PEG- -PLA with PEG- -PBD copolymers increased linearly with the molar ratio of PEG- -PLA in acidic media (Fig. lib). Under acidic conditions, the PLA first underwent hydrolysis and, hours later, pores formed in the membrane followed by final membrane... 

In a reproducible way, paclitaxel can be incorporated into DQAsomes at a molar ratio paclitaxel to dequalinium of about 0.6. In comparison to the free drug, encapsulation of paclitaxel into DQAsomes increases the drug s solubility by a factor of about 3000. 

Fig. 2.25 Positive ion ESI mass spectra of the molecular ion region of DBQ (MW 489 Da) in a titration study of the GPC spin column eluates of DBQ (Drug, D) incubated with CMVP A144L (Protein, P) with molar ratios of 1, 10, 20 and 40 of [D]/[P]. A reference ESI mass spectrum of DBQ and CMVP A144L of a molar ratio of 1 1 is also displayed. The amount of protein in all the experiments were kept constant at 50 pmol.

Fig. 2.26 Plot of the DBQ (Drug, D)/CMVP A144L (Protein, P) molar ratios for the incubated concentrations as a function of the non-covalently bound concentrations as determined in the titration study of the GPC spin column eluates assayed by ESI-MS (see Table 2.5). The shape of the curve indicates that up to three drugs bind non-covalently and non-specifically to CMVP A144L.

Bromural (Bromovaletone) This drug is made the same way that Carbromal is made, except that the intermediate is bromo-isovaleryl bromide. The 1 to 1 molar ratio and everything else remains unchanged. Yields colorless crystals, mp 147-149°. This is a rapid-action, short-duration hypnotic. It is well tolerated and has a low toxicity. Dosage 300-600 mg. 

Hexaziridinocyclotriphosphazene-DNA complexes were made by mixing solutions of the drug and DNA in a molar ratio of approximately one base of DNA per drug molecule. The reactions were run at room temperature in the dark for 1-6 days. The final DNA and MYKO 63 concentrations in the complex were 1 mg ml and 3.2xl0 M (set I), and 3mgmC and 9.6xlO M (set II). 

Valproic acid, valproate sodium, and (DVP) are carboxylic acid-derivative anticonvulsants. Divalproex sodium is a stable coordination compound consisting of valproic acid and valproate sodium in a 1 1 molar ratio (AHFS, 2000). It is a pro-drug of valproate, dissociating into valproate in the GI tract (AHFS, 2000), and a simple branched-chain carboxylic acid (w-dipropylacetic acid) with antiepileptic activity against a variety of types of seizures (Beydoun et al., 1997). Divalproex sodium has been approved for treating adults with simple and complex absence seizures (Mattson et al., 1992), and for mania. It has shown efficacy across a broad spectrum of BD subtypes (i.e., pure mania, mixed mania, and rapid cycling) (Pope et al., 1991 Bowden et al., 1994). 

---