Drug interactions types

These, such as the black box that was the receptor at the turn of the century, usually are simple input/output functions with no mechanistic description (i.e., the drug interacts with the receptor and a response ensues). Another type, termed the Parsimonious model, is also simple but has a greater number of estimatable parameters. These do not completely characterize the experimental situation completely but do offer insights into mechanism. Models can be more complex as well. For example, complex models with a large number of estimatable parameters can be used to simulate behavior under a variety of conditions (simulation models). Similarly, complex models for which the number of independently verifiable parameters is low (termed heuristic models) can still be used to describe complex behaviors not apparent by simple inspection of the system. 

Following concurrent administration of two drugs, especially when they are metabolized by the same enzyme in the liver or small intestine, the metabolism of one or both drugs can be inhibited, which may lead to elevated plasma concentrations of the dtug(s), and increased pharmacological effects. The types of enzyme inhibition include reversible inhibition, such as competitive or non-competitive inhibition, and irreversible inhibition, such as mechanism-based inhibition. The clinically important examples of drug interactions involving the inhibition of metabolic enzymes are listed in Table 1 [1,4]. 

Discuss the types of drug interactions that may be seen with drug administration. 

Mechanisms of action, effectiveness for specific seizure types, common adverse effects, and potential for drug interactions are key elements in selecting medications for individual patients. 

Drug Interacting Drug Type of Interaction and Appropriate Action... 

For each type of drug interaction below, select the pair of substances that illustrates it with a reduction in drug effectiveness ... 

Pharmacodynamic studies deal more specifically with how the drug brings about its characteristic effects. Emphasis in such studies is often placed upon how a drug interacts with a cell/organ type, the effects and side effects it induces, and observed dose-response curves. 

Studies in Phase IV are all studies (other than routine surveillance) performed after drug approval and related to the approved indication. They are studies that were not considered necessary for approval but are often important for optimizing the drug s use. They may be of any type but should have valid scientific objectives. Commonly conducted studies include additional drug-drug interaction, dose-response or safety studies, and studies designed to support use under the approved indication, for instance, mortality/morbidity studies, epidemiological studies. 

---