Drug disposition ocular

Patton, T.F., Ocular drug disposition characteristics, in "Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems", J.R. 

The use of polymeric nanoparticles in the eye has gained considerable interests in recent years. Ocular disposition, safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetic profiles of various nanoparticles offer a wide range of application for the delivery of many drugs used to treat common ocular disorders. Polymeric nanoparticles have been utilized to enhance the performance of ibuprofen and cyclosporine, while reducing systemic side effect of carteolol compared with... 

The time pattern of drug absorption and disposition in the eye following topical administration is a complex phenomenon, influenced by the drug, the vehicle, and by anatomical/physiological factors. In order to understand the pharmacokinetics of ocular drugs it is necessaiy to consider the absorption, distribution and disposition of drugs in three areas of the eye (a) the preocular (precorneal) area, (b) the cornea, and (c) the interior of the eye. A picture of the pathways for absorption, and of their complex interrelations is given in Fig. 2. 

In conclusion, the fluid dynamics in the precorneal area of the eye have a huge effect on ocular drug absoiption and disposition. When the normal fluid dynamics are altered by e.g., tonicity, pH, or irritant drugs or vehicles, the situation becomes even more complex. The formulation of ophthalmic drug products must take into account not only the stability and compatibility of a drug in a given formulation, but also the influence of that formulation on precorneal fluid dynamics. 

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