Drougard

Double Heck reaction, 42 494 Double layer interface, 30 223-225 Double nucleophilic displacement, capped cyclodextrin, 32 437 Double-pulse method, 38 31 Double recognition models, 32 451 52 Doublet mechanisms, 30 43, 45, 47 Drago parameters, 38 212 Drougard-Decrooq equation, 30 345, 356, 371 Dry evaporation, perovskite preparation, 36 246-247... 

In addition to the application of SnI reactions as model reactions for the evaluation of solvent polarity, Drougard and Decroocq [48] suggested that the value of Ig kj for the Sn2 Menschutkin reaction of tri-n-propylamine and iodomethane at 20 °C -termed according to Eq. (7-21) - should also be used as a general measure of solvent polarity. 

Ig k2 for the Menschutkin reaction of tri- -propylamine with iodomethane (Drougard and Decroocq) standard molar entropy change standard molar entropy of activation solvophobic power of a solvent (Abraham)... 

A semiempirical approach, similar, for examples, to the Hammett equation, does not require full understanding of complex molecular interactions in solution. A standard reaction or phenomenon is chosen, and the parameters of this reaction or phenomenon during changes in the solvent are examined. These parameters may be represented by the rate of equilibrium constants of the reaction, but also by, for example, shifts of the maxima in various spectra. The relations of this type most frequently used are the Grunwald-Winstein (50), Swain-Scott (57), Gielen-Nasielski (52), Berson (55), and Drougard-Decroocq (54) equations. 

The form of all these equations resembles that of the Drougard-Decroocq equation (54) ... 

Cerveny et al. (69), attempted to apply the Drougard-Decroocq equation (34) to the data obtained in the hydrogenation of cyclohexene and 1-hexene on the catalyst 5% Pt on silica gel in 19 solvents. Since correlation of the reaction rates with the parameters of solvents x, originally obtained for the homogeneous Menschutkin reaction (88) between methyl iodide and tri-propylamine was unsuccessful, an analogous definition was used for the parameters x, which were to characterize the solvent with respect to its effect in heterogeneously catalyzed reactions ... 

Cerveny et al. (102) provide a new view of the parameters of solvents suggested earlier in the modified Drougard-Decrooq equation (t and ) and a more thorough discussion of the causes leading to their limited validity. Comparison between Eqs. (21) and (30) ought to give... 

Dumaz, N., Drougard, C., Sarasin, A., and Daya-Grosjean, L. (1993). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 

As pointed out by Taft and co-workers (27) on the basis of linear free energy relationships, highly polar transition states are prime candidates to undergo specific solvation by polar or polarizable species. This concept was already set forth in 1935 by Wynne-Jones and Eyring (35) on an entirely different basis, namely, the interpretation of kinetic results in mixed solvents (36). The study of reaction rates in mixed solvents is an almost untapped source of information on the solvation of transition states, Recently, Drougard and Decroocq (37) have studied the kinetics of the Menschutkin reaction between EtsN and Mel in binary and ternary solvent systems. From their experimental data it appears that... 

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