Drosophila polymerization

Stuurman N, Sasse B, Fisher PA. 1996. Intermediate filament protein polymerization Molecular analysis of Drosophila nuclear lamin head-to-tail binding. J Struct Biol 117 1-15. 

At present, SR sources have become so powerful that it has become feasible not only to perform real-time experiments on conventional polymeric systems, but also to perform much more sophisticated experiments on extremely small samples. This includes experiments on a single silk fiber spun by a spider or the changes in the fiber diffraction pattern generated by the fibers in the muscles from a live drosophila fly, which was persuaded to flap its wings in an x-ray beam. 

Sia types have first been expressed at least 500 million years ago, when echinoderms evolved. NeuSAc also may originate from this time, since Sia are not regularly found in animals lower than echinoderms [1-4, 10]. Remarkably, NeuSAc in polymeric form also occurs during a short period in Drosophila melanogaster embryo-genesis [11] and in larvae of the cicada Philaenus spumarius [64]. 

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