Droplet properties measurement

SMD = U— COrpsd Derived from water droplet size measurements No liquid properties included Applicable only to water Oyama Endou [472]... 

Measurement Techniques for Droplet Properties and Intelligent Control of Droplet Processes... 

Various measurement techniques have been developed and applied with different degrees of success. Some techniques, that are well applicable to the measurement of single droplet properties, find difficulties in the application to measurements of droplet properties... 

In this chapter, the primary measurement techniques for droplet properties are outlined, and their capabilities and limitations are discussed. The approaches to intelligent process control as related to droplet processes are presented along with descriptions of recent developments. 

Emulsification is the process by which a hydrophobic monomer, such as styrene, is dispersed into micelles and monomer droplets. A measure of a surfactant s ability to solubilize a monomer is its CMC. Below the CMC the surfactant is dissolved in the aqueous phase and does not serve to solubilize monomer. At and above the CMC the surfactant forms spherical micelles, usually 50-200 soap molecules per micelle. Many properties, such as electrical conductivity, interfacial tension, surface tension, refractive index, and viscosity show a sudden decrease at the CMC (107). The CMC is temperature- and chain-length-dependent for a given class of surfactants (108). The CMCs of nonionic surfactants are higher than those of ionic surfactants (109). 

In the example given in Fig. 8.15b, the ranges of interest were 52-80 p,m for droplet size and 14-21 kg/h for the feed flow rate. The most adequate nozzle, according to the feed properties measured and simulations performed, was the 65/21. The 65/21 nozzle fulfills both criteria within the typical operating conditions of pressure 30-100 bar. 

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