Drawing of polymers

Fig. 2.16 (a) A schematic drawing of polymer microring resonator couple to a side polished optical fiber, (b) A microscope image of the fabricated EO polymer electric field sensor, (c) SEM image of resonators fabricated on the polished flat of a free standing fiber. The scale bar in the picture represents 100 pm. Reprinted from Ref. 15 with permission. 2008 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers... 

Figure 1. Drawing of polymer catalyst designed. Catalytic site is —SOs H+ in this chapter.

These observations appear to be in contradiction with a creep mechanism for craze fibrillation, and the currently accepted description refers to the drawing-in mechanism due to Kramer [31,32], Kramer argued that fibrillation takes place within a thin layer (about 50 nm) at the craze/bulk interface, in which the polymer deforms into highly stretched fibrils similar to the mechanism of drawing of polymer fibers, as illustrated in Fig. 2. Craze thick-... 

FIGURE 10.18 Schematic representation of depletion staHlization. Note that drawing of polymers is not to scale. 

Uniaxial drawing of polymer samples introduces a uniaxial distribution of molecular orientations which often can be approximated by a Gaussian. The NMR spectrum then depends on the angle between the drawing direction and the magnetic field. For example, the spectrum of unoriented FIFE is well approximated by a symmetric powder pattern (Fig. 10.3.1(a), cf. Fig. 3.1.3), while the spectrum of a uniaxially oriented sample exhibits two peaks when the direction of molecular order is parallel to the magnetic field (Fig. 10.3.1(b)) [Hepl]. 

Stretching or drawing of polymer films is used to improve mechanical behavior, and under certain conditions can lead to improved barrier properties. The degree of orientation achieved is primarily dependent upon the draw ratio and... 

A fibrillar polymer-polymer composite consists of an isotropic matrix polymer with fibrils of a second polymer dispersed within it. The idea was developed by Fakirov et al. [40] with the knowledge that drawing of polymers with good molecular orientation enhances their mechanical properties. Depending on the fibril diameters, such composites are referred to as microfibrillar composites (MFCs) or nanofihrillar composites (MFCs). For simplicity, MFCs are discussed because the manufacturing process is essentially the same. One method of creating MFCs is to produce a blend of the two selected polymers in the form of a continuous wire. 

As the material presented in this article will be included in a paper now in preparation, the author has reserved all publication rights. The anticipated title of the final paper is On the Cold Drawing of Polymers. 

Figure III 17. Schematic drawing of polymer (P) and solvent (S) in a three dimensional 5p.Sd.Sb-space. A is the distance between the endpoint of the polymer and solvent vectors.

In Fig. 5.2, ZD evolution at sample strain increase for PASF film, prepared fi om solution in chloroform [23], is shown and in Fig. 5.3 electron microphotographs of ZD surfaces and elastically deformed part of sample (Figs. 5.3a and 5.3b, respectively) are adduced. As it follows from the comparison of Figs. 5.3a and 5.3b, in ZD considerable drawing of polymer is observed - globules as if floating in the deformed material. The draw ratio in ZD X.2Q can be determined as follows [24] ... 

Drawing of polymers changes in morphology and properties of filaments... 

---