Doxorubicin, apoptosis induction

Chitosan nanoparticles have also been formulated and evaluated for their anti-cancer potential. It has been reported that the smaller the particle size and higher the positive surface charge, the better its anti-cancer activity is. It showcases its action mainly by disruption of the membrane and induction of apoptosis [44]. The immunostimulatory potential of chitosan is also believed to be one of the factors alleviating its anti-cancer activity [45]. Chitosan nanoparticles have also been used as a drug carrier for delivery of anti-cancer drugs such as doxorubicin, paclitaxel, docetaxel and norcantharidin [46]. 

CcR/CNT/PPy/Pt CcR/SAM-GNP/ PPy/Pt Cytochrome c CV 1-1000 nM 5-600nM Quantification of the mitochondrial cytochrome c released in cytosol of human lung carcinoma cells A549 upon induction of apoptosis with doxorubicin Pandiaraj et al. (2013)... 

An important step in the mitochondrial pathway is the release of cyt c from mitochondria into cytosol. Earlier it was demonstrated that the cyt c translocation from the mitochondria into cytosol preceded doxorubicin (DOX)-induced apoptosis in various cell and animal models (Hrabakova et al., 2006). Therefore, we chose DOX for the induction of apoptosis in human lung carcinoma A549 cells. Recent findings revealed that the oxidized form of cyt c (Fe ) mainly induced the caspase activation, thereby causing apoptosis over the reduced form of cyt c (Fe ) (Pandiaraj et al., 2013). This clearly indicates that the measurement of only the oxidized form of cyt c (Fe ) in cytosol presumably serves as a marker for apoptotic process in cells. In this report, cyt c (Fe ) measurements were performed on the cytosolic fractions of DOX-treated and... 

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