Doxorubicin adverse effects

Adverse effects Irreversible, dose-dependent cardiotoxicity, apparently a result of the generation of free radicals, is the most serious adverse reaction. Irradiation of the thorax increases the risk of cardiotoxicity. There has been some success with the iron chelator, dexrazone, in protecting against the cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin. As with dactinomycin, both doxorubicin and daunorubicin also cause a transient bone marrow suppression, stomatitis, and Gl tract disturbances. Alopecia is usually severe. 

DOXORUBICIN ANTIVIRALS-ZIDOVUDINE t adverse effects when doxorubicin is co administered with zidovudine Additive toxicity Monitor FBC and renal function closely. 1 doses as necessary... 

Myelosuppression is not prevented by prolonged doxorubicin infusion (53), although this can mitigate other adverse effects. Hematological toxicity associated with... 

Adverse effects associated with the intrapleural instillation of doxorubicin in doses of 10-40 mg consist of fever (11-15%), anorexia (24-29%), nausea (20-29%), and chest pain (28-29%) (94,96). Cardiomyopathy and myelosuppression were not reported (96). 

An interaction of doxorubicin with the anti-HER2 receptor humanized monoclonal antibody, trastuzumab (Herceptin), has been reported. Most patients who received trastuzumab in early trials had been pretreated with anthracyclines. Despite this, preliminary information suggested that reduced systolic cardiac function was an adverse effect of trastuzumab (119). More recently, this problem has been further highlighted in a study of women with metastatic breast cancer (120). Patients who had not received prior anthracycline-containing adjuvant chemotherapy were at greater risk of cardiotoxicity when they received trastuzumab in combination with doxorubicin or cyclophosphamide (27 and 75% respectively), compared with only 11% of patients who received trastuzumab in combination with pachtaxel (120,121). The risk of cardiac events in patients treated with doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and trastuzumab increased markedly after a cumulative doxorubicin dose of 360 mg/m. This suggests synergistic cardiotoxicity with trastuzumab and doxorubicin. Trastuzumab is therefore currently licensed only for use in conjunction with pacli-taxel or docetaxel and not with conventional doxorubicin. 

In summary, myelosuppression after treatment with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin does not appear to be a major problem in patients with solid tumors and relatively intact immunological systems, but is the dose-limiting adverse effect in immunocompromised patients with HIV/AIDS. 

Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin has been given to three patients via a catheter located in the hepatic artery (41). No severe adverse effects, such as nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, alopecia, or cardiotoxicity, were observed. There was mild leukopenia (2.8 x 10 /1) in one patient neither anemia nor thrombocytopenia were reported. 

In a study of the effects of Cremophor after 74 cycles of doxorubicin in Cremophor in 39 patients, there were no major hypersensitivity reactions to Cremophor, and no patients had their infusion discontinued or modified (11). Adverse effects that were considered to be potentially related to Cremophor were cutaneous (pruritus, flushing, or rashes), hypotension or dizziness, and headache. Because of the subjective nature of some of these symptoms, they were classified as grade 1 (mild and not requiring treatment or interfering with function), grade... 

There was severe phlebitis in cancer patients receiving deferoxamine (50 mg/kg/day by intravenous infusion over 72 hours) and iron sorbitol citrate in an attempt to enhance doxorubicin activity (18). Dilution of the drug in large volumes of saline did not prevent this adverse effect. 

Although doxorubicin has a potent antitumor effect, it causes severe adverse effects such as decrease of body weight and immune system (the reduction of lymphocyte, CD4 T, CD8T and NK cell number) and death. Conversely, 4-hydroxyderricin did not cause any apparent adverse reactions. 

Apart from nausea and vomiting and bone marrow suppression, adverse effects with doxorubicin are cardiotoxicity and possibility of cardiac failure. 

T. Yoshitomi, Y. Ozaki, S. Thangavel, and Y. Nagasaki, Redox nanoparticle therapeutics to cancer - increase in therapeutic effect of doxorubicin, suppressing its adverse effect, / Control Release, 172 (1), 137-43, 2013. 

Cancer chemotherapy often delivers adverse effects to patients, such as bone marrow depression, loss of hair, or digestive organs disorder. Among the drugs, anthracyclines such as doxorubicin and epirubicin often pose the threat of... 

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