Double pass flow

PACT was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study which enrolled 606 STEMI patients to rt-PA (IV 50 mg bolus over 3 min) or placebo (28). Patients then underwent immediate angiography (median time 98 min following hospital arrival) to determine patency of the infarct artery. Patients who had TIMI 0-2 flow underwent rescue (patients who received rt-PA) or primary (patients who received placebo) angioplasty, whereas those who had TIMI 3 flow... 

In some other successful examples, zeolite nanoparticles have been incorporated into a polymer matrix to form a thin-film nanocomposite RO membrane and to create a preferential flow path for water molecules, leading to enhanced water transport through the membrane [64,65]. Use of zeolite in the development of TFN for RO was first reported by Hoek and co-workers [66]. Similarly, Jeong et al. [64] prepared a thin-film RO nanocomposite membrane by interfacial in situ polymerization on porous polysulfone support, in which NaA zeolite nanoparticles were incorporated into a thin PA film. Introduction of zeolite nanoparticles into a conventional PA RO thin film has enhanced flux to more than double of the conventional membrane with a salt rejection of 99.7%, which is attributed to the smoother and more hydrophilic negatively charged surface. Silica nanoparticles of various sizes have also been incorporated into a PA polymer matrix for RO desalination [67]. Presence of silica nanoparticles was found to remarkably modify the PA network structure, and subsequently the pore structure and transport properties with only 1-2 wt% of silica, a membrane was fabricated with significantly enhanced flux and salt rejection. 

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