Double-layer capacitors energy storage

Burke AF, Miller M. Characteristics and Applications of Advanced Ultracapacitors. Proceedings of the 12th International Seminar on Double Layer Capacitors and Similar Energy Storage Devices, Deerfield Beach, Florida, USA, Dec. 9-11, 2002. 

ECs are another promising electrical energy storage device with a higher energy density than electrical capacitors, and a better rate capability and cycling stability than LIBs [32]. Carbon-based electric double layer capacitors and metal oxide- or polymer-based pseudocapacitors are two main types of ECs. The charge-... 

Lewandowski, A. and Galmski, M., General Properties Of Ionic Liquids As Electrolytes For Carbon-based Double Layer Capacitors, New Carbon Based Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems, Barsukov et al. (Eds), Springer, The Netherlands, 2006, 73-83. 

The topic of this book is focused on active masses containing carbon, either as an active mass (e.g., negative mass of lithium-ion battery or electrical double layer capacitors), as an electronically conducting additive, or as an electronically conductive support for catalysts. In some cases, carbon can also be used as a current collector (e.g., Leclanche cell). This chapter presents the basic electrochemical characterization methods, as applicable to carbon-based active materials used in energy storage and laboratory scale devices. 

Zheng JP, Jow TR. The effect of salt concentration in electrolytes on the maximum energy storage for double layer capacitors. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 1997 144(7) 2417-2420. 

T. C. Murphy and W. E. Kramer, in Proceedings of the Fourth International Seminar on Double Layer Capacitor and Similar Energy Storage Devices, Florida Educational Seminars, December 1994. 

It is also possible to combine storage systems of different technologies. The targets are the same as those mentioned above. One idea is to combine a lead-acid battery with a double-layer capacitor (DLQ. Within HEVs, DLCs can be used for storing the recuperation energy whereas a lead acid battery is used for energy storage and low power loads. 

---