Double electrodes and homogeneous kinetics

For complex mechanisms such as ECE or other schemes involving at least two electron transfer steps with interposed chemical reactions, double electrodes offer a unique probe for the determination of kinetic parameters. Convection from upstream to downstream electrodes allows the study of fast homogeneous processes. The general reaction scheme for an ECE mechanism can be written 

The homogeneous reaction may be of first or second order in the latter case, X is a non-electroactive species. Both these cases have been studied at the rotating ring—disc electrode and the first-order case at a double channel electrode. 

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