Doping in conducting polymers

The concept of doping in conducting polymers is significantly different from conventional doping in inorganic semiconductors such as silicon. For example. 

Odin, C., and Nechtschein, M., On the kinetics of electrochemical doping in conducting polymers experimental characterization, Synth. Met., 55-57, 1281-1286 (1993). 

A. O. Patil, S. D. D. V. Rughooputh, and F. Wudl, Poly(p-phenylene vinylene) incipient doping in conducting polymers, Synth. Met. 29 E115 (1989). 

K. Harigaya, Doping in conducting polymers electronic states and metal-insulator transition, in Molecular Electronics and Molecular Electronic Devices, Vol. 2 (K. Sienicki, ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1993, Chap. 2. 

The proposed mechanism of the doping processes in conducting polymers implies oxidation (p-doping) or reduction (n-doping) of the polymer with... 

Polymer science is underdeveloped in terms of descriptions of the structure and properties of stiff-chain polymers. The conducting polymers fall mostly within this blind spot. They also present a number of novel possibilities such as the conversion from a flexible-chain precursor to a rigid-chain polymer, and the conversion between doped and undoped states in the soluble polythiophenes. Likewise, solid-state physics has yet really to tackle the transport of electrons in, and between, disordered, twisted chains. For each of the disciplines involved, the explosion of interest in conducting polymers has brouht a host of new question and new ideas. The process is far from over. 

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