Donor contact charge transfer

This association has its counterpart that was also variously described as an encounter complex, a nonbonded electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex, a precursor complex, and a contact charge-transfer complex.10 For electrically charged species such as anion/cation pairs (which are relevant to ion-pair annihilation), the pre-equilibrium association results in contact ion pairs (CIP)7 (equation 3)... 

A relatively strong organization of an electron donor by an acceptor is typically indicated by experimental values of KEUA or KC f> > 10 M-1. For intermediate values of the formation constant, i.e., 1 < KE A < 10 m, the donor/acceptor organization is considered to be weak.17 Finally, at the limit of very weak donor/acceptor organizations with KEDA 1, the lifetime of the EDA complex can be on the order of a molecular collision these are referred to as contact charge-transfer complexes.18... 

The spectra show a displacement of the chlorpromazine peak at 3080-3100 A. While this slight bathochromic shift could be interpreted as evidence for the formation of a contact charge transfer complex, by itself it is not thought to be sufficient evidence. If heparin as an electron acceptor is forming a charge transfer complex with the strong electron donor chlorpromazine, a conductivity maximum should result. The opposite occurs. The role of hydrophobic bonding in the association should be considered. 

Since the intensity of the charge-transfer absorption is directly related to the concentration of the EDA complex or contact ion pair in equations (4) and (5), respectively, it can be used as an analytical tool to quantify complex formation in equations (2) and (3). According to the commonly utilized Benesi-Hildeb-rand treatment,16 the formation constants are quantitatively evaluated from the graphical plot of the CT absorbance change (Acr) as the donor is progressively added to a solution of the acceptor (or vice versa) (equation 6)... 

Thermal or photochemical activation of the [D, A] pair leads to the contact-ion pair D+, A-, the fate of which is critical to the overall efficiency of donor/acceptor reactivity as described by the electron-transfer paradigm in Scheme 1 (equation 8). In photochemical reactions, the contact ion pair D+, A- is generated either via direct excitation of the ground-state [D, A] complex (i.e., CT path via irradiation of the charge-transfer (CT) absorption band in Scheme 13) or by diffusional collision of either the locally excited acceptor with the donor (A path) or the locally excited donor with the acceptor (D path). 

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