Domain trapping sites

The picosecond spectra show that the time constants for trapping of an excess carrier from a semiconductor band to the localized sites which correspond to doping is a process in the nanosecond time domain. However, the trapped site spectra did not appear under all circumstances when light was absorbed at the... 

As for a rate-independent process, the hysteresis results from an irreversibility of the domain wall motion, with the two limiting cases for the hardening-softening process being defined with respect to the number of trapping sites for the domain wall in its potential energy landscape ... 

Yamauchi E, Kiyonami R, Kanai M, Taniguchi H. 1998. The C-terminal conserved domain of MARCKS is phosphory-lated in vivo by praline-directed protein kinase. Application of ion trap mass spectrometry to the determination of protein phosphorylation sites. J Biol Chem 273 4367. 

Deviations are also observed in some copolymerizations where the copolymer formed is poorly soluble in the reaction medium [Pichot and Pham, 1979 Pichot et al., 1979 Suggate, 1978, 1979]. Under these conditions, altered copolymer compositions are observed if one of the monomers is preferentially adsorbed by the copolymer. Thus for methyl methacrylate (M1 )-/V-vinylcarbazole (M2) copolymerization, r — 1.80, r2 = 0.06 in benzene but r — 0.57, > 2 0.75 in methanol [Ledwith et al., 1979]. The propagating copolymer chains are completely soluble in benzene but are microheterogeneous in methanol. /V-vinylcarba-zole (NVC) is preferentially adsorbed by the copolymer compared to methyl methacrylate. The comonomer composition in the domain of the propagating radical sites (trapped in the precipitating copolymer) is richer in NVC than the comonomer feed composition in the bulk solution. NVC enters the copolymer to a greater extent than expected on the basis of feed composition. Similar results occur in template copolymerization (Sec. 3-10d-2), where two monomers undergo copolymerization in the presence of a polymer. Thus, acrylic acid-2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate copolymerization in the presence of poly(V-vinylpyrrolidone) results in increased incorporation of acrylic acid [Rainaldi et al., 2000]. 

Heteroatom (O and N) attachment to the C8-site of dG to form 8-oxo-dG and C8-arylamine adducts lowers the oxidation potential relative to dG. The oxidation potential of 8-oxo-dG is 0.74 V versus NHE. Consequently, 8-oxo-dG can act as a deep radical cation trap within duplex DNA. Depending on the DNA sequence, an 8-oxo-dG lesion will be the preferential site of further oxidation and will protect isolated Gs and GG steps from oxidation the oxidation of 8-oxo-dG by G(—H) occurs with a rate of 4.6 x 10 /M/s. Thus, there is speculation that GC-rich domains outside the coding regions of genes serve to protect the genome from mutagenesis by oxidation. ... 

Despite the high degree of sequence variation in the receptor peptides the structures surprisingly revealed that the peptides have a conserved binding mode and share a common binding site on the TRAP domain. 

For TRAF recruitment, since each receptor peptide contacts one TRAP domain only, avidity is the only factor that contributes to enhanced affinity of TRAFs for activated receptors. Due to the lack of structural information on DD interactions, it is not known whether ligand-induced receptor recruitment of FADD and TRADD (Hsu et al, 1996b) is also purely driven by avidity or the intracellular DD of the receptors also form composite binding sites for FADD and TRADD upon receptor activation. In keeping with the latter scenario, a protein known as silencer of death domains (SODD) (Jiang et al, 1999) has been shown to associate with the intracellular DD of TNF-Rl and get released upon ligand stimulation to activate the receptor. 

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